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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
name 5 general causes of colic in ruminants |
1. pain-stretch receptors in serosa 2. pain stretch receptors in mesentary 3. ischemia/infarction 4. inflammation 5. muscle spasms (slaframine) |
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how does a cow being a foregut fermenter make it less prone to colic? |
-gas can be eructate -ileus doesn't cause abnormal fermentation -adhesions/bad motility don't cause gas accumulation in the bowel |
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true or false: cows being able to vomit and burp is an advantage over cows |
true |
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Does it take longer or shorter to active pain/stretch receptors in ruminants? |
longer |
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true or false: cows have a short mesentary which makes them less likely to torse |
true only small intestine has a long mesentary |
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T or F: cows take a long time to wall off inflammation |
false: they respond quickly |
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T or F: horses have a stronger predilection for intestinal thrombosis than cows |
T they have strongylus vulgaris, ruminants dont |
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what do ruminant gastric receptors signal: satiety or pain? |
satiety |
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T or F fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base abnormalities happen quite a bit in a cow, and makes them look less colic-y |
True depression overshadows pain |
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pain stretch receptors can be found in the serosa of what organs? |
kidney liver ureters bladder urethra broad ligaments |
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what are more prominent signs of colic in a cow? |
-abdominal distention/contour -tenesmus -dystocia -decreased milk production -abnormal posture |
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give 3 examples of ruminant abnormal posture with colic |
-splinting -hunched/posturing -stretched out |
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describe splinting what does it indicate? |
back hunched, elbows out indicates cranial abdominal pain |
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define hunched/posturing what does it indicate? |
-back end dropped, elbows normal indicates caudal pain/tenesmus |
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define stretched out what does it indicate? |
front legs forward, hind legs back, back ventroflexed like a sawhorse indicates dorsal pain |
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you see a cow eating frequent small bites of food, leaving it in their mouth and has poor milk production these are all signs of... |
colic! (besides rolling and looking at flank, I chose non-obvious ones) |
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what clin path do you expect with enteritis, renal disease, or a ruptured bladder? |
hypochloremia/hyponatremia |
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in a cow with obstruction/ileus, the hypochloremia is proportional to....? |
duration completeness proximity to the pylorus |
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if your cow has enteritis, shock, and/or tissue compromise, you expect your patient to have metabolic... acidosis/alkalosis? |
acidosis |
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a cow with an obstruction will generally have metabolic acidosis/alkalosis |
alkalosis |
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what is the leading cause of colic in ruminants and camelids? |
urogenital disase |
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what is the major urogenital disease in female ruminants/camelids? males? |
female: uterine torsion/dystocia male: urinary tract obstruction |
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most peritonitis in ruminants is associated with _______ disease, but _________, ________ _________, __________, and _________ _______ may also lead to peritonitis |
most with GI disease BUT: -bactermia -umbilical infections -wounds -urogenital disease |
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Gi disease, which causes peritonitis, is usually secondary to....? (5 total) |
-grain overload -traumatic reticulitis -perforating ulcers -severe enteritis -ischemic bowel |
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how do you diagnose peritonitis? |
-cbc -abdominocentesis -rectal -exploratory |
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how do you treat acute peritonitis in a cow? chronic peritonitis? |
acute: can leave it alone, otherwise antibiotics and NSAIDS, surgery if diffuse chronic: surgery to break down adhesions |
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poor gastric emptying or abomasal/intestinal fluid reflux will lead to _________ abdominal distension |
ventral |
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wha is the one abomasal displacement that can lead to severe omental stretch and ischemia of the abomasal wall? |
volvulus |
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is a cow with an AV colicking? (spelling?!) |
-the colic is transient -pain overshadowed by fluid/acid base imbalance |
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what are the sequelae of small intestinal entrapments/volvulus/obstructions? |
obstruction of lumen-->intestinal distention-->abdominal fluid distention-->stretch on mesentary |
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T or F: small intestinal entrapments/volvulus/obstructions can cause ischemia and gas distention |
true |
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T or F: with small intestinal entrapments/volvulus/obstructions, the greater the degree of ischemia, the more likely the animal is to show blood work suggestive of obstruction |
FALSE. LESS LIKELY to show BW b/c it happens so quickly |
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how would you diagnose small intestinal entrapments/volvulus/obstructions? |
-abdominal distension -multiple small pings on right side -rectal -maybe decreased fecal production |
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what is bloody gut? what causes it? |
SI obstruction due to blood clots usually in the duodenum/jejunum no one knows for sure what causes it |
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with the telescoping of the intestines, what is the oral section of bowel called? the aboral section? |
oral section: intussuceptum aboral: intussuscipiens |
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what predisposes a cow to getting an intussusception? a calf? |
cow: mural and mesenteric masses calf: enteritis |
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if you have a calf with a history of enteritis, acute abdominal distention, and decreased fecal passage--what do you think it is? |
intussusception! |
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what GI disease most consistently causes colic in cattle? |
intussusceptions |
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what does the labwork look like with an intussception?
how would you differentiate it from a DA? |
-hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
-CBC will have inflammation due to necrosing bowel (unless peracute) |
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a cow has ventral abdominal distention and colic. how do you differentiate between your two biggest suspicions of mesenteric volvulus and SI intussusception? |
-volvulus= gast distended -intussusception= not really gas distended |
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you see a cow pass feces with the consistency of raspberry jam. what does the cow have? |
intussusception |
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will rectal of an intussusception reveal turgid or balloon small intestines? |
turgid |
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how do you treat intussusceptions? |
-surgical resection -fluids |
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can an intussusception take a week to show up or is an acute thing? |
can actually take 5-9 days with an incomplete obstruction |
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what are the risk factors for cecal dilation and volvulus? |
early lactation highly fermentable diets low scratch factor |
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you have a cow with cecal dilation do you expect circulatory compromise/dehydration? what about milk production? |
both are mildly decreased (compare to volvulus) |
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true or false: cecal volvulus leads to a slow decline in clinical conditions |
false |
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clinical signs of cecal volvulus? |
tachycardia weakness lack of fecal passage colic |
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how do you treat cecal dilation? |
If mild: fluids, calcium, roughage diet if severe: surgery |
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how do you treat cecal cilation? |
surgery and fluids -can do cecal amputation |
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characterize the feces from severe diffuse enteritis? |
small amounts of diarrhea, but usually pass no feces |
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you walk up to a cow and it looks like a beach ball--bilateral dorsal and ventral abdominal distention. what is it? |
severe diffuse enteritis |
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how do you treat severe diffuse enteritis? |
eh. some respond to fluid and electrolyte treatment, many just die |
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what poison can cause hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in cattle? |
arsenic |
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what is the most common clinical sign of pain with colitis? |
tenesmus |
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what is the most common cause of tenesmus/colitis in cattle? |
coccidiosis (eimeria) |
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how do you diagnosis and treat colitis in cattle? |
dx: fecal smear treat: anticoccidial drugs (amprolium) |
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why do calves frequently get abdominal distention and colic? |
abnormal fermentation of milk more common with poor quality milk replacers |
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how do you differentiate a calf with milk tympany from mesenteric torsion and abomasal volvulus |
calves with milk tympany get better in a few hours |
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how do you treat milk tympany/calf indigestion? |
cross you fingers |
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when does the adult form of intestinal tympany occur? |
a month postpartum in dairy cattle |
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how will a cow with an adult form of intestinal tympany present? |
ping everywhere, are painful, milk production and appetite decrease rectal unremarkable HR 100 hypocalcemic |
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how do you treat the adult form of intestinal tympany? |
calcium. no surgery or anything |