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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Expressive Violence
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Violence that is designed not for profit or gain but to vent rage, anger, or frustration.
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Instrumental Violence
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Violence used in an attempt to improve the financial or social position of the criminal.
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Violentization Process
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According to Lonnie Athens, the process by which abused children are turned into aggressive adults. This process takes violent youths full circle form being the victims of aggression to its initiators; they are now the same person they grew up despising, ready to begin the process with their own children.
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Crusted Over
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Children who have been victims of or witnesses to violence and do not let people inside, nor do they express their feelings. They exploit others and in turn are exploited but those older and stronger; as a result they develop a sense of hopelessness.
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Subculture of Violence
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Norms and customs that, in contrast to society's dominant value system, legitimize and expect the use of violence to resolve social conflicts.
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Disputatiousness
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Behavior within culturally defined conflict situations in which an individual who has been offended by a negative outcome in a dispute seeks reparations through violent means.
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Gang Rape
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Forcible sex involving multiple attackers.
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Serial Rape
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Multiple rapes committed by one person over time.
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Acquaintance Rape
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Forcible sex in which offender and victim are acquainted with each other.
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Date Rape
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Forcible sex during a courting relationship.
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Statutory Rape
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Sexual relations between an underage individual and an adult; though not coerced, an underage partner is considered incapable of giving informed consent.
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Marital Rape
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Forcible sex between people who are legally married to each other.
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Marital Exemption
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The practice in some states of prohibiting the persecution of husbands for the rape of their wives.
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Virility Mystique
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The belief that males must separate their sexual feelings from needs for love, respect, and affection.
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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A condition marked by a persistent pattern of of self-importance, need for admiration, lack of empathy, and preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.
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Aggravated Rape
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Rape involving multiple offenders, weapons, and victim injuries.
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Consent
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In prosecuting rape cases, it is essential to prove that the attack was forced and that the victim did not give voluntary consent to her attacker. In a sense, the burden of proof is on the victim to show that her character is beyond question and that she in no way encouraged, enticed, or misled the accused rapist. Proving victim dissent is not a requirement in any other violent crime.
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Shield Laws
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Laws designed to protect rape victims by prohibiting the defense attorney from inquiring about their previous sexual relationships.
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Murder
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The unlawful killing of a human being (homicide) with malicious intent.
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Premeditation
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Consideration of a homicide before it occurs.
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Deliberation
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Planning a homicide after careful thought, however brief, rather than acting on sudden impulse.
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Felony Murder
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A homicide in the context of another felony, such as robbery or rape; legally defined as first degree murder.
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Second-Degree Murder
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A homicide with malice (intention; evil) but not premeditation (planned) or deliberation (careful consideration over time), as when a desire to inflict serious bodily harm and a wanton disregard for life result in the victim's death.
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Manslaughter
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A homicide without malice (intention).
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Non-negligent Manslaughter
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A homicide committed in the heat of passion or during a sudden quarrel; although intent may be present, malice (intention) is not; also called voluntary manslaughter.
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Involuntary Manslaughter
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A homicide that occurs as a result of acts that are negligent and without regard for the harm they may cause others, such as driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
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Negligent Manslaughter
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A homicide that occurs as a result of acts that are negligent and without regard for the harm they may cause others, such as driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs; also called involuntary manslaughter.
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Feticide
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Endangering or killing an unborn fetus.
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Infanticide
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The murder of a very young child.
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Filicide
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Murder of an older child.
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Eldercide
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The murder of a senior citizen.
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Serial Killer
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The killing of a large number of people over time by an offender who seeks to escape detection.
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Mass Murder
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The killing of a large number of people in a single incident by an offender who typically does not seek concealment or escape.
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Road Rage
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A term used to describe motorists who assault each other.
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Child Abuse
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Any physical emotional or sexual trauma to a child for which no reasonable explanation, such as an accident, can be found. Child abuse can also be a function of neglecting to give proper care and attention to a young child.
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Neglect
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Not providing a child with the care and shelter to which he or she is entitled.
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Sexual Abuse
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Exploitation of a child through rape, incest, or molestation by a parent or another adult.
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Acquaintance Robbery
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Robbers who focus their thefts on people they know.
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Hate Crimes
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Acts of violence or intimidation designed to terrorize or frighten people considered undesirable because of their race, religion, ethnic origin, or sexual orientation.
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Thrill-Seeking Hate Crimes
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Acts by hate mongers who join forces to have fun by bashing minorities or destroying property; inflicting pain on others gives them a sadistic (deriving pleasure from inflicting pain, suffering, or humiliation on others) thrill.
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Reactive (Defensive) Hate Crimes
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Perpetrators believe they are taking a defensive stand against outsiders whom they believe threaten their community or way of life.
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Mission Hate Crimes
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Violent crimes committed by disturbed individuals who see it as their duty to rid the world of evil.
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Retaliatory Hate Crimes
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A hate crime motivated by revenge for another hate crime, either real or imaginary, which may spark further retaliation.
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Workplace Violence
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Irate (greatly angered) employees or former employees attack coworkers or sabotage machinery and production lines; now considered the third leading cause of occupational injury or death.
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Sufferance
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The aggrieved party does nothing to rectify a conflict situation; over time, the unresolved conflict may be compounded by other events that cause an eventual eruption.
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Stalking
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A pattern of behavior directed at a specific person that includes repeated physical or visual proximity, unwanted communications, and/or threats sufficient to cause fear in a reasonable person.
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