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15 Cards in this Set
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Distractible speech Shift quickly between topics and get distracted by internal and external stimuli. |
Example: Somebody exhibiting distractible speech might abruptly ask where you got your hat mid-sentence while telling you about a recent vacation. |
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Circumstantiality; Circumstantial speech Where one maintain their original train of thought but provide a lot of unnecessary details before circling back to their main point. |
Example: When asked about the age of a person's mother at death, the speaker responds by talking at length about accidents and how too many people die in accidents, then eventually says what the mother's age was at death. |
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Clang association; Clanging Speech in which word choice is governed by word sound rather than meaning; word choice may show rhyming or punning associations |
Example: “I wrote the goat overload boat my float tote.” “He rained the train brain grain strain the crane.” “On my way to the store bore some more chore. |
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Alogia (ah-low-gee-ah) Poverty of Speech Impoverished Speech Restricted quantity of speech; brief, unelaborated responses |
Example: Symptoms include: pause for a long time between words, short or one-word responses, flat tone, dull facial expressions |
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Loose association Loosening of association Derailment A thought disturbance demonstrated by speech that is disconnected and fragmented, with the individual jumping from one idea to another unrelated or indirectly related idea. Spontaneous speech. |
Example: "The salad was green as I left the front porch yesterday. My uncle is a nice person and dogs like to swim in rivers when the sky is very cloudy." |
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Pressured speech This refers to the tendency to speak rapidly and frenziedly. |
Example: The speech is difficult to interpret. Such speech may be too fast, erratic, irrelevant, or too tangential for the listener to understand. Also, inability to stop speaking to allow others the opportunity to sharetheir thoughts |
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Echolalia (Ek-oh-ley-lee-uh) the uncontrollable and immediate or sometimes delayed repetition of words spoken by another person. It can be right after the other person does it or it can be delayed. |
Example: Repetition of single words, sometimes the last word of a sentence spoke by someone else or phrases heard in conversation.
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Perseveration (per-sev-uh-rey-shuhn) The repetition of a particular response (such as a word, phrase, or activity) regardless of the absence or cessation of a stimulus |
Example: Perseveration is someone sandpapering a table until they've sanded through the wood, or a person who continues talking about a topic even when the conversation has moved on to other things. Another person might be asked to draw a cat then several other objects, but continue to draw a cat each time.
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Rumination is defined as engaging in a repetitive negative thought process that loops continuously in the mind without end or completion. |
Example: Some ruminative thoughts include "why am I such a loser", or "I'm in such a bad mood" |
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Thought blocking When a person stops speaking suddenly and without explanation in the middle of a sentence. It can occur at any time during speech. |
Example: a person might begin discussing childhood abuse with her therapist and then stop speaking midway through the sentence. When ask to continue, the person may respond that she completely forgot what she was going to say. |
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Tangentiality; Tangential speech The tendency to speak about topics unrelated to the main topic of discussion never returning to the initial topic of the conversation. Replies to questions are off-point or totally irrelevant |
Example: when a therapist poses the question, “How was your week?” a person may respond with, “When I was five, my cat was killed.” |
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Neologism The creation of new "words".These may also involve elision of two words that are similar in meaning or sound. |
Example: "I got so angry I picked up a dish and threw it at the geshinker." |
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Poverty of content of speech Speech that is adequate in quantity but is not substantive and does not convey any meaningful information |
Example: What color is the couch?” Precedes with a five-minute monologue about colors and couches instead of simply answering the question |
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Flight of ideas a rapid, continuous succession of superficially related thoughts and ideas, manifest as pressured speech with frequent abrupt shifts in topic. Signs of mania. |
Example: The individual might deliver a 10-minute monologue during which he or she jumps from talking about childhood, to a favorite advertisement, to a moment of distorted body image, to political ideology, concluding with a rant about his or her favorite flower. |
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Incoherence Incoherent speech Word Salad An inability to express oneself in a clear and orderly manner, most commonly manifested as disjointed and unintelligible speech. |
Example: Why do people comb their hair?" elicits a response like "Because it makes a twirl in life, my box is broken help me blue elephant. Isn't lettuce brave? I like electrons, hello please!" |
