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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what mineral is most resistant to chemical weathering |
quartz |
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physical breakdown of larger rocks into smaller rocks without any change in composition is called |
physical weathering |
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chemical weathering is dependent upon |
climate, rock type, and time |
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why is the statue of liberty now green instead of original color brown |
exposure to water and oxygen in NY humid climate has oxidized the copper |
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is soil a type of sediment |
yes |
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petroleum is found mainly in |
sedimentary rocks |
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what are the crystals that hold sedimentary rocks together |
cement |
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what is the precursor rock for gneiss |
granite |
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localized areas of metamorphism that occur around igneous intrusions are called |
contact metamorphism |
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how does mineral talc form |
during metamorhpism |
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where would you go to see relatively young metamorphic rocks |
himalaya mountains |
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what rock makes most durable long-lasting kitchen countertop |
quartzite |
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the spot within the earth's crust at which an earthquake originates is called |
focus |
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which earthquake waves move fastest |
p-waves |
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which earthquake waves are least/most destructive |
p-waves/ s-waves |
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strong earthquakes can trigger |
tsunami, landslides, and fires |
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were any U.S. coastal towns affected by the March, 2011 tsunami that devastated Japan |
yes |
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where are high concentrations of radon found |
near granite and/or black shale |
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what is a fulgurite |
a tube of quartzite made by a lightning strike |
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How do metamorphic geologists determine conditions under which metamorphic rocks form |
experimental petrology |
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list three ways that mountains form |
-volcanoes -erosional remnants -deformation mountains |
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how do geologists determine past environments, climate, and life from sedimentary rocks |
-uniformitarianism -lithology -fossils -geometry of deposit -sedimentary structures- any feature that forms in loose sediments and gets cemented |
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how old is the earth |
4.6 billion years |
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in order to be suitable for radiometric dating, a rock must contain |
radioactive isotopes |
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the time taken for one half of a radioactive parent isotope to decay to its daughter isotope is called |
half life |
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geologists use radiometric isotopes to |
determine absolute ages of rocks |
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can carbon-14 dating only be used for organic material that is relatively young |
yes |
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unless rocks have been overturned, the oldest rock layers are at the bottom and the youngest rocks are at the the top, this is |
principle of superposition |
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all maps should have a |
north arrow, title, and scale |
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the contour interval on a map is |
the elevation difference between contour lines |
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the volume of a river water flowing through a specific area is called its |
discharge |
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why is the mississippi often brown near New Orleans |
it is carrying a lot of sediment in suspension |
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what manmade objects are built along some riverbanks to prevent flooding |
artificial levees |
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curves in a river channel are called |
meanders |
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grains bounced along a river bottom are undergoing |
saltation |
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porosity is |
percentage of pore space in a sediment or rock |
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which would make the best aquifer? shale, mud, granite, or gravel |
gravel |
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what are good uses for land on a floodplain |
golf course, playground, farm |
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when building a landfill, how can contamination of groundwater table be prevented |
-line the bottom of the landfill with clay -locate the landfill bottom above the water table |
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what is the result of a well drilled into a confined aquifer |
water flows up to the surface on its own |
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when is the water table typically the highest/lowest |
- in the spring after a lot of rain and snowmelt - after a long drought |
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should you be excited to inherit land that once was occupied by a gas station |
no |
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besides the marcellus shale, which other rock formation is being drilled for natural gas in the western PA, eastern Ohio, and WV area |
utica shale |
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the first superfund site was |
love canal, New York |
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what is fracking |
Fracking refers to the procedure of creating fractures in rocks and rock formations by injecting fluid into cracks to force them further open. |
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what is the most common mineral on earth |
feldspar |
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what is the maximum amplitude of s-wave at epicenter |
richter scale magnitude |
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what is precursor rock for quartzite |
quartz sandstone |
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what is "the present is the key to the past" |
uniformitarianism |
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what is rappidly approaching 400 ppm as measured at mauna loa obsercatory |
co2 in atmosphere |
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what mineral can you eat |
halite or clay |
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who monitors drinking water quality in the U.S. |
E.P.A. |
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what is thought to be hardest substance on earth |
diamond |
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what was volcano of philipines that had a huge eruption in 1991 |
mount pinatubo |
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what is green mineral from mantle |
olivine |
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what mineral forms in salt lakes with chemical composition NaCl |
halite or gypsum |
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what is mineral composition of limestone and marble |
Calcium Carbonate |
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SO2 and CO2, emissions, shallow earthquakes, and bulging lava domes are what |
precursors of volcanic eruptions |
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what is the subsurface boundary below which all pore space is filled with liquid |
water table |
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what are two U.S. national parks that are above hot spots |
Volcanoes national park and Yellowstone |
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what is the fastest moving seismic wave |
p-wave |
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what is black shale or granite in you basement |
Radon |
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what mineral when breathed in over long time can cause lung cancer |
asbestos |
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what is composite and shield |
types of volcanoes |
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the earth is composed of what |
solid inner core, liquid outer core, mantle, and crust |
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what crust is thin, dense, and composed mostly of mafic igneous rocks |
oceanic crust |
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most volcanic eruptions and earthquakes |
occur along plate boundaries |
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long narrow mountain ranges composed of volcanoes along coastlines, such as the andes mountains are formed at |
subduction zones |
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new oceanic crust is made at |
divergent plate boundaries |
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the himalaya mountains were formed at |
continental collisions |
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is west virginia on a tectonically active plate boundary |
no |
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is california |
yes |
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why is geology important |
- geologic hazards - health impacts - earth materials are economic resource - earth history |
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What kind of aed structure is this? What do they indicate about environment?
|
Ripples and water or air current
|
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Which well would be best to clean up the contaminant
|
Well B
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What direction is blue river flowing? Which town is more likely to flood
|
North
Tiny town |
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What feature is on the inside of a river bend
|
Point bar
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What sedimentary rock is shown?
|
Conglomerate
|
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What sedimentary rock is shown?
|
Conglomerate
|
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This photo shows a... What type of stress is formed?
|
Normal fault
Extensional |
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What geologic structure is shown? What kind of strain formed?
|
Syncline
Plastic |