Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the major anion in the most important rock-forming minerals is the _______ anion
|
silicate (CO4,4-)
|
|
the most abundant of all the silicate minerals are the
|
feldspars
|
|
the mineral commonly used as the abrasive in household cleansers is
|
orthoclase
|
|
albite is a type of what mineral?
|
feldspar
|
|
minerals whose structures are dominated by ionic bonding would be expected to be
|
water soluble
|
|
minerals whose structures are dominated by ionic bonding would be expected to be
|
water soluble
|
|
the most abundant element in earths crust is
|
oxygen
|
|
the lack of any orderly internal atomic arrangement
|
amorphous
|
|
silicates
|
minerals in which the silica tetrahedron is the major building block
|
|
solid solution
|
refers to two or more minerals whose composition and physical properties vary uniformly
|
|
aany substance possessing an orderly internal atomic arrangement
|
crystalline
|
|
the primary difference between mafic and felsic igneous rocks
|
their composition
|
|
the largest of all igneous rock bodies
|
batholith
|
|
igneous rocks that make up the continent crust
|
granite and granodiorite
|
|
igneous rock that is part of a two phase cooling history
|
porphyry
|
|
basaltic magmas form by the partial malting of
|
peridotite
|
|
aphanitic
|
the texture where the grains are too small to to be seen by the unaided eye
|
|
porphyry
|
an igneous rock consisting of large crystals surrounded by a fine grained matrix
|
|
felsic
|
refers to igneous rock composed largely of light colored minerals and the magma from which the rock was derived
|
|
discordant
|
refers to an igneous rock body that cuts across the layering in the host rock
|
|
stoping
|
the process by which magma is implaced by engulfing the host rock
|
|
sill
|
a concordant, tabular, intrusive igneous body
|
|
xenolith
|
an inclusion of host rock within an intrusive igneous rock body
|
|
massive
|
the shape of an igneous body where the large dimension is les than ten times the small dimension
|
|
of all the mass wasting processes the one that operates over the largest area of the lands surface is
|
creep
|
|
frost heaving is an important process in
|
creep
|
|
solifluction
|
the slow, downslope movement of water-saturated regolith in permafrost regions
|
|
the mass wasting process that transports the material for the greatest distance is
|
mudflow
|
|
talus
|
the accumulation of debris at the base of cliffs and road cuts
|
|
gabion
|
the rock-filled wire basket used to stabilize steep slopes
|
|
two factors involved in nearly all cases of slope instability are ----- and -----
|
-amount of water
--presence/absence of vegetation |
|
the steps cut into large road cuts to achieve slope stability
|
benching
|
|
the device used to provide maximum stability to retaining walls is called
|
a dead man
|
|
friction
|
the force that resists movement between two bodies
|
|
cohesion
|
the strength of a material derived from properties other than inter-granular friction
|
|
regolith
|
the accumulated products of weathering above bedrock
|
|
most sedimentary rocks are
|
clastic or detrital
|
|
of all the products of weathering the one available in greatest abundance for the formation of sedimentary rocks is ----
|
clay minerals
|
|
will a temperature-climate lake form graded bedding
|
yes
|
|
limestone can be formed by both ---- and ---- processes
|
biochemical and chemical
|
|
the sedimentary feature that is common to all sedimentary rocks is
|
bedding
|
|
most sedimentary rocks form from the sediments that accumulate
|
off coastlines adjoining opening oceans
|
|
the most abundant type of sedimentary rock is
|
shale
|
|
3 minerals that make up most cementing agents are
|
calcite, quartz, and hematite
|
|
the term that is used to describe materials that are laid down directly be streams is ---
|
alluvial
|
|
a transgressive sequence of marine sedimentary rocks records the fact that sea level was
|
rising
|
|
two major evaporite minerals are
|
gypsum and halite
|
|
detrital
|
refers to solid material eroded and transported from their point of origin and deposited at some distant locale
|
|
lacustrine
|
refers to deposition in a lake
|
|
coquina
|
a limestone consisting chiefly or wholly of shells and shell fragments
|
|
paludal
|
refers to a wetland depositional environment
|
|
varve
|
a graded bed recording one years accumulation of sediment in a lake
|
|
turbidite
|
a deep-sea sedimentary rock whose beds are characterized by graded bedding
|
|
chert
|
a sedimentary rock made of crypto-crystalline quartz
|