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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Dueker's Definiion
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Information system where database consists of observations on spatially distributed features, activities or events. These are definable as points, lines, and areas. Manipulates data about these to retrieve data for ad hoc queries and analyses.
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Fourth Dimension
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Time (creation, duration, and destruction in time)
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GIS is...
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1) tools for analyzing spatial data
2) info system designed for spatial data 3) approach to scientific analysis and use of spatial data 4) |
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Geography
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Science concerned with all aspects of earth's surface: natural/human divisions, distribution and differentiation of regions, and role of humankind in changing the face of the earth
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GIS is built upon...
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geography, cartography, computer science, and mathematics.
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A GIS consists of at least these three things...
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-database
-spatial information -computer-based link between them |
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Feature Model
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Breaks mapped landscape into features into points lines and polygons.
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4 Definitions of GIS
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Toolbox, Information System, Approach to Science, multi-billion dollar business
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CGIS
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Canadian GIS: 1964, early system
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Harvard University ODYSSEY
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Late 1960s, arc/node data structure
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azimuthal
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Globe is projected directly on a flat surface
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equal area
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Map projection that preserves area
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conformal
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Map projection that preserves local shape of features on maps
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geodesy
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Science of measuring the size and shape of the earth and it's gravitational and magnetic field
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graticule
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latitude and longitude grid drawn on the map/globe. Angle determines type of projection used
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Transverse Mercator Projection
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Adopted by U.S. Army in 1947
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Ellipsoid
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Ellipse rotated in three dimensions about its shorter axis.
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Coordinate System
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Standardized method for assigning codes to locations so that locations can be found using the codes alone
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Geocoding
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conversion of analog maps into computer-readable form: scanning, digitizing, and field collection
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U.S. Census Bureau
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part of Department of Commerce
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USGS
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United States Geographical Survey: Part of the Department of the Interior--major provider of digital map data
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chloropleth map
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Shows numerical data for a group of regions by grouping data into classes and shading each class on the map.
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HSI
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System for color, specified as values for hue, saturation, and intensity
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Hypsometric map
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Map of topography involving a color sequence
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Inset
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Map within a map:
Either smaller to show relative location or larger to show detail |
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Isoline
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(i.e. Map of temperatures)
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Map
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A graphic depiction of all or part of a geographic realm where the real-world features have been replaced with symbols in their correct spatial location at a reduced scale.
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Orthophoto Map
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Air photo image map; at 1:12,000, by the USGS
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simultaneous contrast
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tendency for colors at opposite ends of the primary scale to perceptually "jump" when placed together (red & green)
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Stepped Statistical Surface
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Outlines of areas are raised to a set height according to numerical value/class
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Map function of GIS
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Storage, Temporary communication, intermediate check of data, final report
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Two Types of Maps
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General Purpose and Thematic
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