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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The initial learning of a stimulus-response pattern in response to reinforcement.
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acquisition
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The process in which several related responses are learned through operant coditioning.
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chaining
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Type of learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with one that elicits an automatic response; over time, the neutral stimulus comes to elicit the automoatic response by itself as the person learns the association.
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classical conditioning
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The learned response that an organism exhibits in response to a conditioned stimulus.
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conditioned response (CR)
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A neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus so that it will eventually come to produce the same response as that stimulus.
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conditioned stimulus (CS)
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The provision of reinforcement every time a desired behavior is performed.
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continuous reinforcement
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The process by which an individual distinguishes between slightly different stimuli & responds to one but not the other.
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discrimination
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The gradual breaking of the stimulus-response pattern due to lack of reinforcement.
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extinction
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Schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a specific period of time.
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fixed-interval schedule
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Schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a specific number of responses.
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fixed-ratio schedule
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The expanding of a stimulus-response pattern to include stimuli that are similar to the initial stimulus
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generalization
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A simple form of learning that arises from repeated exposure to a stimulus.
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habituation
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A form of learning in which one gains a sudden understanding of the relationship between various parts of a problem or situation.
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insight
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Phenomenon that occurs when an animal reverts back to its biological predisposed pattterns after learning patterns that are not naturally adopted behaviors.
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instinctive drift
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A reinforcement schedule in which desired behavior is not reinfoced every time it is performed.
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intermittent reinforcement
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Reinforcement schedules in which reinforcement is applied after a certain amount of time.
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interval schedules
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A durable change in behavior that results from experience.
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learning
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The ability to learn determined by age-related mental & physical skills.
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maturation
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Learning by observing and imitating anothers's behavior.
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modeling
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Type of operant conditioning in which the removal of an adverse stimulus increases the likelihood that an individual will repeat a behavior.
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negative reinforcement
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Type of learning that involves associating behaviors with their consequences & perceiving these consequences as either punishmentss or as rewards.
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operant conditioning
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Type of operant conditioning in which a reward is used to increase the likelihood that an individual will repeat a behavior.
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positive reinforcement
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Type of operant conditioning in which the application of an adverse stimulus decreases the likelihood that an individual will repeat a behavior.
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punishment
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Reinforcement schedules in which an individual receives reinforcement based on the number of times a certain behavior is performed.
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ratio schedules
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A change that occurs in the environment following a behavior & increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.
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reinforcer
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The process of gradually guiding an individual's natural behavior toward the behavior that one is trying to teach through reinforcement that rewards a change from the natural behavior toward the desired end behavior.
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shaping
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The process of reinforcing an individual for engaging in behaviors that are increasingly similar to a desired behavior.
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successive approximation
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An unconditioned activated, innate response.
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unconditioned response (UR)
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A stimulus that always triggers a natural biological process.
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unconditioned stimulus (US)
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Schedule in which reinforcement is provided after varying time periods.
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variable-interval schedule
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Schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a fluctuating number of responses
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variable-ratio schedule
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Reinforcement schedules in which reinforcement is provided after differing amounts of time or numbers of behaviors.
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variable schedules
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