Marieb & Hoehn - Chapter 5 - Integumentary System

The outermost protective shield of the body composed of epithelial cells.

The tough, leathery layer underneath the epidermis made up of mostly dense connective tissue.

Stores fat, and anchors the skin to the underlying structures.

The subcutaneous tissue just deep to the skin composed of mostly adipose tissue. Also called the superficial fascia.

A keratin cell - produces keratin

Provides the water-resistant and protective properties of skin.

A fibrous protein that give the epidermis its protective properties

The spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin.

It forms a pigment "shield" that protects the nucleus from UV rays.

Star-shaped cells that are key activators of our immune system.

Spiky cells associated with a sensory nerve ending that functions as sensory receptor for touch

• Papillary layer
• Reticular layer

Areolar connective tissue, just deep to the stratum basale, highly vascularized.

Peglike projections from the surface of the papillary layer.

Skin ridges that enhance grip and contribute to our sense of touch.

Coarse, dense irregular connective tissue, about 80% the thickness of the dermis, just deep to the papillary layer.

Separations (or less dense regions) between collagen bundles form these lines.

80%

Collagen fibers that run parallel to the skin surface.

Epidermis.

Papillary layer.

Reticular layer.

Epidermis

Reticular layer of the dermis.

Hypodermis.

1. Sensory nerve fiber
2. Lamellar corpuscle
3. Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus)

1. Dermal papillae
2. Subpapillary plexus
3. Sweat pore

1. Eccrine sweat gland
2. Arrector pili muscle
3. Sebaceous (oil) gland
4. Hair follicle
5. Hair root

1. Cutaneous plexus
2. Adipose tissue

Hair shaft.

Embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergy.

Emotional stress, anemia, or low blood pressure.

Liver disorder in which yellow bile pigments accumulate in the blood and are deposited in the body tissues.

A sign of Addison's disease, or pituitary gland is inappropriately secreting melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

Hematoma under the skin.

Ceruminous glands.

Deters insects and blocks entry of foreign material.

tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles.

1. Cholesterol is modified into precursor to Vitamin D
   
2. Disarms many cancer-causing chemicals that penetrate the epidermis.
3. Activates steroid hormones that have been applied to the skin.

Lamellar corpuscles

1. Basal cell carcinoma
   
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma

Melanoma.

First Degree - only epidermis is damaged

Second Degree - epidermis and upper region of the dermis is damaged

Third Degree - full-thickness burns - The entire thickness of the skin is damaged or destroyed

Use the Rule Of Nines, where the body is divided into 11 sections, each section representing 9% of the body. Perineum represents 1%.

Replacing lost fluid by IV.