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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fluidity and melting point of fatty acids are determined in part by the number of
________ bonds. |
unsaturated or carbon double
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Many monosaccharides like fructose, mannose, and galactose have the same chemical formula as glucose (C6H12O6), but the atoms are combined differently to yield different
structural arrangements. These varying forms of the same chemical formula are called ________. |
isomers
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The highly branched polysaccharide that stores glucose in the muscle and the liver of
animals is ________. |
glycogen |
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In proteins, amino acids are linked together by ________ bonds.
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peptide |
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The only amino acid that has no stereoisomer is ________
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glycine |
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The amino acid that most limits rotation around the a carbon is ________.
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proline |
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The bonds between the units in a carbohydrate polymer are called ________ bonds.
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glycosidic |
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The linear arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain is referred to as the
________ structure of the protein. |
primary |
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Starch is a polymer of glucose subunits. The subunits of any polymer are called
________. |
monomers |
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Fatty acids with more than one carbon-carbon double bond are called ________.
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polyunsaturated |
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Carbohydrates made up of two simple sugars are called ________.
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disaccirarides |
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The covalent bond forces between the sulfur atoms of two cysteine side chains is called a
________. |
disulfide bridge
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Disulfide bonds can form between ________ residues in proteins. |
cysteine |
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The major classes of biologically significant large molecules include which of the
following? A) Proteins B) Nucleic acids C) Carbohydrates D) Lipids E) All of the above |
All of the above |
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Lipids are A) insoluble in water. B) readily soluble in organic solvents. C) characterized by their solubility. D) important constituents of biological membranes. E) All of the above
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All of the above |
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Which of the following is characteristic of proteins? A) Some function as enzymes. B) They provide structural units in the form of keratin. C) They possess glycosidic linkages between amino acids. D) a and b E) a, b, and c
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a and b
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Polymerization reactions in which proteins are synthesized from amino acids
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result in the formation of water.
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In condensation reactions, the atoms that make up a water molecule are derived from
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both of the reactants.
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The bonds that form between the units of polymeric macromolecules are
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covalent.
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of lipids?
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They are readily soluble in water.
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You have isolated an unidentified liquid from a sample of beans. You add the liquid to a beaker of water and shake vigorously. After a few minutes, the water and the other liquid separate into two layers. To which class of large biological molecules does the unknown
liquid most likely belong? |
Lipids
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Lipids form the barriers surrounding various compartments within an organism. Which
property of lipids makes them a good barrier? |
Many biologically important molecules are not soluble in lipids.
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You look at the label on a container of shortening and see "hydrogenated vegetable oil." This means that during processing the number of carbon-carbon double bonds in the oil was decreased. What is the result of decreasing the number of double bonds?
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The oil is now a solid at room temperature.
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The portion of a phospholipid that contains the phosphorous group has one or more
electric charges. That makes this region of the molecule |
hydrophilic
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Cholesterol is soluble in ether, an organic solvent, but is not soluble in water. Based on this information, what class of biological macromolecules does cholesterol belong to?
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Lipids
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Which of the following is not a function in which lipids play an important role?
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Storing genetic information
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The monomers that make up polymeric carbohydrates like starch are called
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monosaccharides
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The atoms that make up carbohydrates are
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C, H, and O.
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Glucose and fructose both have the formula C6H12O6, but the atoms in these two
compounds are arranged differently. Glucose and fructose are known as |
isomers
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A nucleotide contains a pentose, a phosphate, and a(n)
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nitrogen-containing base
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A simple sugar with the formula C5H10O5 can be classified as a
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pentose |
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Lactose, or milk sugar, is composed of one glucose unit and one galactose unit. It can be
classified as a |
disaccharide |
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Two important polysaccharides made up of glucose monomers are
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cellulose and starch |
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Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. Its main function is
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to provide mechanical strength to plant cell walls.
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In animals, glucose is stored in the compound
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glycogen |
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Which of the following monomer/polymer pairs is not correct? A) Monosaccharide/polysaccharide B) Amino acid/protein C) Triglyceride/lipid D) Nucleotide/DNA E) Nucleotide/RNA |
Triglyceride/lipid |
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Amino acids can be classified by the
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characteristics of their side chains
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During the formation of a peptide linkage, which of the following occurs?
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A molecule of water is formed.
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What is the theoretical number of different proteins that you could make from 50 amino
acids? |
2050
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The "backbone" of nucleic acid molecules is made of
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alternating sugars and phosphate groups.
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According to the base-pairing rules for nucleic acids, purines always pair with
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pyrimidines
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Sucrose is
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a disaccharide
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DNA and RNA contain
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pentose
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The 20 different common amino acids have different
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R-Groups
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The primary structure of a protein is determined by its
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sequence of amino acids
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When a protein becomes nonfunctional as a result of a change in its environment, it is
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denatured
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A B pleated organization in a polypeptide chain is an example of
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secondary structure
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DNA carries genetic information in its
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sequence of bases
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A molecule often spoken of as having a head and tail is a(n)
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phospholipid
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A molecule that has an important role in limiting what gets into and out of cells is
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phospholipid
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Waxes are formed by
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combining fatty acids with alcohol
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A molecule that has an important role in long-term storage of energy is a(n)
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glycogen
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A peptide linkage (peptide bond) holds together two
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amino acid molecules
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In DNA molecules
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purines pair with pyrimidines
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Starch and glycogen are different in that only one of them
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is made in plants |
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Enzymes are
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protein |
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The type of bond that holds two amino acids together in a polypeptide chain is a(n)
|
peptide linkage |
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Peptides have __________ and __________ end.
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an N terminus; a C terminus
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The __________ structure of a protein relates to how separate polypeptides assemble
together. |
quaternary
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Quaternary structure is found in proteins
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composed of subunits
|
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In DNA, A hydrogen bonds with T and G with C; these are examples of a specific type of
reaction called |
complementary base pairing
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In a biological membrane, the phospholipids are arranged with the fatty acid chains facing the interior of the membrane. As a result, the interior of the membrane is
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hydrophobic
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