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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hospitals are what type of care? |
Acute Care. The are also the center of the American Healthcare System. |
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Hospitals are the ____ largest business in the United States. |
3rd |
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What four types of services do Hospitals provide? |
Diagnostics, Medical, Surgical, and Emergency services. |
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What types of hospitals are there.. |
~ Public, private, and military. ~ Private (proprietary) and non-profit. ~ General and specialty. |
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How many beds must a hospital have? How many beds does the average hospital have? |
~ must have at least 6 beds. ~ on average, 200 beds. |
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What is the primary function of a hospital? |
To provide care. |
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What do hospitals require, staff wise.. |
A licensed physician staff and 24/7 nursing services. |
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Who do ambulatory care service? |
outpatient facilities. |
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Ambulatory care consists of groups of physicians who provide a range of different services. Name 3 services.. |
1. Surgery centers 2. Walk-in clinics 3. Imaging centers |
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Is Ambulatory Care experiencing growth or are they declining? |
Ambulatory services are
experiencing growth.. they are competing with hospitals for reimbursement. |
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What is Long-Term Care? and is there an age limit? If so, what is it? |
caring for physically ill or injured patients who require "extended care". They treat patients of all ages. |
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What are some types of care that are associated with nursing homes? |
~Intermediate Care ~Skilled Care ~Many more types |
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What are requirements for the staff in Rehabilitation centers? |
~They are specialized in specific therapeutic treatments. |
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What is Medicare? |
A federal program for those 65 and over |
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Medicare uses the payment system of ______________ (DRG). |
Diagnostic Relaxed Groups |
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What is one thing Medicare does not cover? |
Prescription drugs |
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What do elderly do even when they have medicare? |
The purchase additional supplemental insurance |
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What is medicaid? Is it different in different places? |
~It is a federal and state cooperative plan. ~The benefits vary from state to state. |
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Who do they mainly provide care for? |
The poor and the disabled. |
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What is the problem with Medicaid? |
They do not always cover doctor visits and prescriptions. |
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How do Volunteer Agencies get funds to do what they do? |
Receive financial support from donations, gifts, and fundraisers. |
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Volunteer agencies raise funds for research and public education about various health problems.. name some! |
1. American Cancer Society 2. March of Dimes 3. American Red Cross 4. American Heart Association |
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Ancient Times: Primitive Humans.. AKA the early humans. What are three things they did? |
1. Believed in superstitions 2. Preformed religious ceremonies 3. Utilized herbs and plants |
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Ancient Hebrew: What did they believe disease was? Who were they influenced by? |
They believed disease was a divine punishment. By the greeks in the 4th century. |
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Ancient Egypt: What three things were they really 1st to do? Who was the Goddess of healing? |
1. They kept accurate health records 2. Developed embalming practices (mummification) 3. Practiced good hygiene Isis was the goddess of healing. |
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Ancient China: Believed in Harmony (yin-yang).. they focused on prevention. What were some things that went along with this? |
~ Cure the spirit. ~ Nourish the body. ~ Give medications. ~ Treat the whole body. ~ Acupuncture. |
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Ancient Greeks: To them, what were the basic components of life? |
~ Earth ~ Air ~ Fire ~ Water |
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Ancient Greeks: Who was considered the father of medicine? Why? What is his oath? |
~Hippocrates was considered the father of medicine. ~He observed and measured causes of disease. ~The Hippocratic Oath is something doctors have to recite in order to become a working doctor! 1st Do no harm.. |
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When was the Dark Ages? |
It was a 900 year period between the fall of the Romans (Roman Empire) and the Renaissance. |
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Dark Ages: What bad things happened during this time? What did churches believe in during this time? |
~Study of medicine and science stopped. ~Epidemics caused millions of deaths: *Bubonic Plague: began because of disease-ridden fleas that lived on rats. *Small Pox Churches believed that life and death were in the hands of God.. exorcism and prayer. |
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The Renaissance: Time frame? What happened during this time? |
~A.D. 1350-1650 Rebirth of learning.. 1. Building of medical schools 2. Acceptance of dissection 3. Van Leeuwenhoek: the microscope was invented |
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Scientific Discoveries: Da Vinci? |
Studied and recorded anatomy (art) |
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Scientific Discoveries: Laennec? |
Invented the stethoscope |
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Scientific Discoveries: Pasteur? |
Discovered that microorganisms cause disease |
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Scientific Discoveries: Lister? |
Developed antiseptics for use in surgery |
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Scientific Discoveries:
Koch? |
Bacteriology |
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Scientific Discoveries: Semmelweis? |
Hand-washing (cleanliness) |
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Famous Milestones: Roentgen? |
X-rays |
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Famous Milestones: Freud? |
Psychology |
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Famous Milestones:
Fleming? |
Penicillin |
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Famous Milestones:
Salk and Sabin? |
Polio Vaccine |
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Famous Milestones: Nightingale? |
Modern nursing theory |
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Until the early 1900s, ______ and _______ were the the major causes of death. |
disease epidemics and acute illnesses |
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What were some conditions that caused epidemics and illnesses during the early 1900s? |
- Contaminated food and water. - Inadequate housing. - Poor Sewage disposal (mostly in cities). |
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In the early 1900s, what was wrong with hospitals? |
Hospitals were crowded, dirty, disease-ridden, and a threat the life. Eventually environmental conditions improved (along with knowledge of disease), and epidemics were fewer. |
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After the earlier 1900s, training of physicians improved or got worse? Chronic diseases now account for ____ of all deaths. |
Improved. 2/3rds |
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What year were antibiotics developed? What happened to the count of deaths from acute diseases? |
They were developed in 1940. The count decreased. |
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What are acute illnesses? Give an example. |
*Usually not lethal. *Comes fast and does not last a long period of time. *Symptoms show almost immediately. An example could be the Flu. |
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What are chronic illnesses? Give an example. |
*More of a dangerous illness; ones we worry about today. *Comes on slowly and lasts a very long time. *Continuously gets worse over time. *Symptoms usually only show when the disease is far along and already has developed. *Usually this type of illness is brought on by life style choices. An example could be heart disease or diabetes. |
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What is the definition of Health? |
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. |
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What is the definition of Disease? |
A pattern of response of a living organism to some injury. Something damaging to your health. |
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What is Mortality? |
Death rate (causes of death) .. varies b/c of age: 1-44: Accidents 45-64: Cancer 65 and over: Heart Disease |
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What is Morbidity? |
Occurrence of death |
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What does the Center For Disease Control say are the 5 leading causes of death |
~ Heart Disease ~ Cancer ~ Stroke ~ COPD ~ Accidents See pages 43-44 |
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What does COPD stand for? |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
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What are some social forces today? |
~Aging of America. ~Increasing heath care costs. ~Fluctuations in birth rate. |
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What are some ethical issues present today? |
- Advances in research and technology. - Right to privacy and confidentiality. - Use of lab animals. - Right to life. .. Abortion .. Right to die (i.e. life support) .. Euthanasia (assisted suicide for terminal illnesses) - Human cloning. - Long term aging population (caring for them) |
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More ethical issues.. |
10 million older adults need care - in 2025 half of all "older americans" will be over 75. - 2/3rds of nursing home patients have cognitive disorders. - Cost of long term care paid by residents and families, deleting life savings. - Increasing in need for home care. |
