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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Flexibility |
The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allows the full ROM of a joint |
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Extensibility |
Capability to be elongated or stretched |
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Dynamic ROM |
The combination of flexibility and the nervous system's ability to control this ROM efficiently |
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Neuromuscular efficiency |
The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to work synergistically to produce, reduce, and dynamically stabilize the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion |
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Human Movement System (HMS) |
AKA Kinetic Chain Comprises the muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems |
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Postural distortion patterns |
Predictable patterns of muscle imbalances. Patterns of dysfunction. |
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Relative flexibility |
Altered movement patterns The tendency for the body to seek the path of least resistance during functional movements |
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Muscle imbalance |
Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint Can be caused by: postural stress, emotional stress, repetitive movement, poor training technique, lack of core strength, etc.
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Reciprocal inhibition |
The simultaneous contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement to take place |
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Altered reciprocal inhibition |
The concept of muscle inhibition, caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist |
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Synergistic dominance |
The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscles take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover |
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Arthrokinetic dysfunction |
Altered forces at the joint that result in abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular commuication at the joint. |
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Muscle spindles |
Major sensory organ of the muscle, composed of fibers that lie parallel to the muscle fiber. Sensitive to muscle length
FUNCTION: to help prevent muscles from stretching too far, or too fast. |
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Golgi tendon organs |
Located within the musculotendinous junction -- the point where the muscle and the tendon meet. Sensitive to changes in muscular tension and the rate of tension change.
When excited, the GTO causes the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from being placed under too much stress |
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Autogenic inhibition |
The process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles
EXAMPLE: Foam rolling over a tender spot, hold for 30 seconds, release. The muscle relaxes = autogenic inhibition |
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Pattern overload |
Consistently repeating the same pattern of motion, which may place abnormal stresses on the body |
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Cumulative injury cycle |
Tissues trauma > inflammation > muscle spasm > adhesions > altered neuromuscular control > muscle imbalance |
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Davis' Law |
States that soft tissue models along the lines of stress
Adhesions can begin to form permanent structural changes in the soft tissues. |
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Flexibility continuum |
Corrective flexibility - SMR & static stretching Active flexibility - SMR & active iso stretching Functional flexibility - SMR & dynamic stretching |
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Static stretching |
The process of passively taking a muscle to the point of tension and holding the stretch for 30+ seconds |
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Active Isolated stretching |
The process of using agonists and synergists to dynamically move the joint into a ROM |
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Dynamic stretching |
The active extension of a muscle, using force production and momentum, to move a joint through the full available ROM |