Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the basic mechanism of anti-convulsants?
|
> refractory period and dercreasing repetitive firing; altering synaptic transmission; reduction of excitatory NT
|
|
What two NT do anti-conv focus on?
|
increase GABA (inhibitory) and reduce Glutamate (excitatory)
|
|
What are the drugs of choice for a generalized tonic/clonic or partial seizure?
|
Phentoin and Carbamazepine and Valproic acid
|
|
What is the drug of choice for a generalized absence seizure?
|
Ethosuximide
|
|
What is the drug of choice for a myoclonic seizure?
|
Valporic Acid
|
|
What are the drugs of choice for status epilepticus?
|
Diazepam and Lorazepam (IV) followed by Fosphenytoin (IV)
|
|
What is used for stabilization in status epilepticus?
|
Phenytoin
|
|
What age group is Phenytoin most used in?
|
Children
|
|
What was the original advance of pheytoin?
|
Less sedation
|
|
What are 2 cosmetic effects of Phenytoin?
|
Gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism
|
|
What may occur in the fetus if phenytoin is invloved?
|
Cleft palate
|
|
Increases in phenytoin should be in what increments?
|
25-30
|
|
What may Phenytoin also be used for?
|
Cardiac dysrhythmias and neuropathic pain
|
|
What drug would stimulate the metabolsim of phenytoin?
|
Carbamzepine (Plasma concentration of phenytoin is decreased by drugs that stimulate hepatic metabolism)
|
|
What drug can produce a blood dyscrasia?
|
Phenytoin
|
|
Besides tx a generalized T/C or partial seizure, what else is Carbamezepine used to tx?
|
Neuropathic pain and manic disorder
|
|
What is a common side effect of carbamazepine? (besides the general GI and vision effects)
|
Erythematous skin rash
|
|
What drug may cause aplastic anemia and or argranulocytosis --> ulcerative lesions of mucous membranes?
|
Carbamazepine
|
|
What do you NOT use Carbamazepine with?
|
MAO inhibitors (because it resembles a trcyclic antidepressant(
|
|
What effect does Carbamazepine have on other drugs?
|
IT < the levels of other anti-convulsants and even itself via enzyme induction
|
|
What is a side effect of Phenobarb?
|
Sedation
|
|
What drug may cause a megaloblastic anemia?
|
Phenobarb
|
|
Phenobarb may lower levels of which drug?
|
Carbamazepine
|
|
What drug may inhibit phenobarb metabolism?
|
Valproic acid
|
|
What does Primidone eventually convert into?
|
Phenobarbitol
|
|
What drug may produce anorexia as a side effect?
|
Ethosuximide
|
|
What are there very few interactions with Ethosuximide?
|
The drug is not protein bound
|
|
What effect does Valproic acid have on Ethosuximide?
|
< ethosuximide's metabolism, so > plasma concentration
|
|
Why may your choose Valproic acid over Ethosuximide to treat Absence seizures?
|
Its usefulness in generalized tonic-clonic seizures as well
|
|
Why is Ethosuxamide usually the primary choice to treat ONLY a pure absence seizure? (Rather than valproic acid?)
|
VA can have sudden liver failure
|
|
What four drugs does Valproic acid increase by inhibiting their metabolism?
|
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, and Carbamazine and Ethosuxamide
|
|
What drug inhibits platelet aggregation?
|
Valproic acid
|
|
Use in Valproic acid is contraindicated in patients already on what meds?
|
Anticoagulants (It inhibits platelet aggregation)
|
|
What drug may produce weight gain?
|
Valproic acid
|
|
For what other problems does Valproic acid have established efficacy?
|
Mania, migraine
|
|
What drugs would you use for febrile seizures in children?
|
Diazepam or Lorazepam
|
|
What drug is now available in a rectal suppository?
|
Diazepam
|
|
What is the drug of choice when tx neuropathic pain?
|
Gabapentin
|
|
What else may Gabapentin be used to tx?
|
Mania and movement disorders (Parkinson's)
|
|
Through what mechanism does Tiagabine act?
|
Blocks the GABA uptake transporter
|
|
What drug may produce a life threatening dermatitis in pediatric patients?
|
Lamotrigine
|
|
What other possible efficacies may Lamotrigine produce?
|
Mania and migraine tx
|
|
What drug has been associated with spina bifida?
|
Valproic acid
|