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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When taking the health history, the patient complains of pruritus. What is a common cause of this symptom?
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Drug reactions
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A flat macular hemorrhage is called a(n):
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Pupura
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Risk factors that may lead to skin disease and breakdown
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lifetime of environmental trauma. An accumulation of factors placing the aging person at risk for skin disease and breakdown include the thinning of the skin, the decrease in vascularity and nutrients, the loss of protective cushioning of the subcutaneous layer, a lifetime of environmental trauma to skin, the social changes of aging, the increasingly sedentary lifestyle, and the chance of immobility.
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The components of a nail examination include:
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contour, consistency, and color.
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To determine if a dark skinned patient is pale, the nurse should assess the color of the:
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Conjunctivae. To detect pallor in a dark skinned individual, the nurse should assess an area with the least pigmentation, such as the conjunctivae or mucous membranes.
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A scooped out, shallow depression in the skin is called a/an:
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Erosion
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Bleeding into the periosteum during birth is known as:
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Cephalhematoma
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Craniosynostosis is a severe deformity caused by:
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premature closure of the sutures
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Narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and midfacial hypoplasia are characteristic of:
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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Kyphosis of the spine is common with aging. To compensate, older adults will
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extend their heads and jaws forward
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aggravating symptoms or triggers of headaches
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Alcohol consumption may precipitate the onset of cluster or migraine headaches. Aggravating symptoms or triggers for cluster headaches include alcohol consumption, stress, or wind or heat exposure.
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Aggravating symptoms or triggers for migraines
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hormonal fluctuations, certain foods, letdown after stress, changes in sleep pattern, sensory stimuli, and changes in weather or physical activity.
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Aggravating symptoms or triggers for tension headaches
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stress anxiety, depression, poor posture.
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Most facial bones articulate at a suture. Which facial bone articulates at a joint?
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Mandible. The facial bones articulate at sutures (nasal bone, zygomatic bone, and maxilla), except for the mandible. The mandible articulates at the temporomandibular joint.
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Pain signals are carried to the central nervous system by way of
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afferent fibers. Nociceptors carry the pain signal to the central nervous system by two primary sensory (or afferent) fibers.
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Which of the following is the most reliable indicator for chronic pain?
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Patient self-report
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Which of the following is true regarding cultural/racial differences in the treatment of pain?
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White individuals receive more analgesic therapy than black or Hispanic individuals with similar symptoms.
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What occurs during transduction (the first phase of nociceptive pain)?
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Pain signals move from the site of origin to the spinal cord. Transduction is the first phase of nociceptive pain. During this phase, injured tissue releases chemicals that propagate the pain message; an action potential moves along an afferent fiber to the spinal cord.
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What type of pain is short and self-limiting and dissipates after the injury heals?
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Acute
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Neuropathic pain implies an abnormal:
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processing of the pain message.
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What is the source of deep somatic pain?
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Bones and joints. Deep somatic pain comes from sources such as the blood vessels, joints, tendons, muscles, and bones
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Which of the following has been found to influence pain sensitivity in women?
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Hormonal changes. Gender differences are influenced by societal expectation, hormones, and genetic makeup. Hormonal changes are found to have strong influences on pain sensitivity for women.
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Specialized nerve endings that are designed to detect painful sensations are:
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Nociceptors are specialized nerve endings designed to detect painful sensations from the periphery and transmit them to the central nervous system.
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An older adult patient with dementia has a pain rating of 5 on the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) Scale. The nurse should:
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administer prescribed pain medication. A patient with a pain score of 4 or greater (on the PAINAD scale) should receive pain intervention. Patients with dementia can be given an analgesic trial or option.
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The extraocular muscles consist of four straight or ________ muscles and two slanting or ______ muscles.
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rectus/ oblique. The four straight, or rectus, muscles are the superior, inferior, lateral, and medial rectus muscles. The two slanting, or oblique, muscles are the superior and inferior muscles.
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A slight protrusion of the eyeballs may be noticed when examining individuals who come from which ethnic/cultural group?
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African Americans normally may have a slight protrusion of the eyeball beyond the supraorbital ridge
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The location in the brain where optic nerve fibers from the temporal fields of vision cross over is identified as the:
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At the optic chiasm, nasal fibers (from both temporal visual fields) cross over.
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Which of the following groups of individuals need to be tested for the presence of color blindness (deficiency)?
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White males between the ages of 4 and 8 years. Color blindness is an inherited recessive X-linked trait affecting about 8% of white males and 4% of black males. Test only boys for color vision, once between the ages of 4 and 8 years.
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Which of the following statements is true in regard to the results obtained from use of the Snellen chart?
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The larger the denominator, the poorer the vision.
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The lens of the eye functions as a:
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The lens serves as a refracting medium, keeping a viewed object in continual focus on the retina.
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When inspecting the eyeballs of an African American individual, which of the following might the examiner expect to observe?
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Small brown macules on the sclera. Dark-skinned people may normally have small brown macules on the sclera
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The normal color of the optic disc is:
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The color of a normal optic disc will range from creamy yellow-orange to pink
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Which of the following is an expected response on the cover test?
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The covered eye maintains its position when uncovered. A normal response to the cover test is a steady fixed gaze.
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Which of the following findings is associated with Horner syndrome?
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A unilateral small regular pupil that reacts to light and accommodation. Horner syndrome is caused by a lesion of the sympathetic nerve. An individual with Horner syndrome will have a unilateral, small, regular pupil that does react to light and accommodation. There will be unilateral ptosis and absence of sweat on the same side
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Decreased vision in the elderly is due to
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cataracts, glaucoma, or macular degeneration
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