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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Basal Metabolsim? |
Represents the amount of energy required to maintain life-sustaining activities |
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Where is most of the fat in our bodies stored? |
In special cells called adipoctyes |
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The fat in the droplets of the adipoctyes are in what form? |
In the form of triglycerides |
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How much is a pound of body fat equivalent to? |
3500 kcal |
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What is a recommendation you would give to someone trying to maintain their weight? |
To recognize hunger cues |
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What can regular exercise improve? |
-Cardiovascular fitness (inactivity creates risk for heart disease) -decreases blood pressure -help lose and maintain weight -alter blood lipid and lipoprotein levels -reduce risk of colon cancer, stroke and hypertension -delay or treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus, depression, osteoporosis |
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What would be one of the most important things to tell someone running a 5K? |
To make sure to replace fluids. Adequate fluid intake is important |
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What is a good source of protein? |
Yogurt |
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What does Progesterone do? |
Relaxes the smooth muscle cells of the uterus |
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What are the weight gain recommendations (in lbs) for a person that is underweight, of normal weight, overweight and obese during pregnancy? |
Underweight- 28-40 Normal weight- 25-35 Overweight- 15-25 Obese- 11-20 |
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What is the recommendation for pregnancy after bypass surgery? |
To delay pregnancy for at least a year and seek nutrition services |
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Should a woman that becomes pregnant and is overweight try to lose weight? |
No. Pregnancy is not a time to restrict kcal or lose weight even if she is overweight. This is especially important to stress to adolescents |
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What is a good source of folate? |
Spinach |
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What is a good source of iron? |
Meat |
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What is a good source of calcium? |
Legumes Also broccoli, nuts and dairy |
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What are symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome? |
-Central nervous system defects & Specific anatomic defects such as: -a low nasal bridge -short nose -flat midface -short palpebral fissures (separation between the upper and lower eyelids) |
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What is the safe level of alcohol during pregnancy? |
There is no safe level. ALL pregnant women should be urged to cease consumption of ALL alcoholic beverages |
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Who are special considerations needed for during pregnancy? |
-Adolescents -Women older than 35 years -Women who are underweight -Women who are overweight -Women with phenylketonuria -Women with multiple pregnancies -Women who smoke or use drugs and alcohol -Women with concurrent medical conditions |
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What are risk factors for Geststional Diabetes? |
-Obesity -Advanved maternity age -African or Hispanic heritage -Recurrent Infections -Previous gestational diabetes -Previous newborn weighing >9lb -Child from previous pregnancy having congenital malformation or birth defect and/or unexplained death of fetus or newborn |
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What are symptoms of gestational diabetes? (Often there are no symptoms) |
-Increased thirst -Increased urination -Weight loss with increased appetite -Fatigue -Blurred vision -Nausea and vomiting -Frequent infections, including those of bladder, vagina and skin |
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What is a recommendation you would make to a pregnant woman with heartburn? |
Avoid lying down 1 to 2 hours after eating Also eat small, frequent meals avoiding foods high in fat, limiting spicy foods and drinking fluid between meals rather then during |
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What are some ways to alleviate constipation? |
Generous intake of fiber with plenty of fluids |
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What are just a couple of benefits to breastfeeding? |
-It is easily digested -Provides immunologic protection to the infant against many infections and diseases (especially respiratory and gastrointestinal) |
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Why is colostrum of value? |
When consumed by a newborn, colostrum provides immunologically active substances (maternal antibodies) and essential nutrients |
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When is an appropriate time to add cow's milk to an infants diet? |
Before 1 year of age, cow's milk, regardless of fat content or form (evaporated, liquid, or dried) should not be fed to infants |
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Why should cow's milk not be fed to infants before 1 year of age? |
The fat in cow's milk is less digestible than the fat in breast milk or formula and contains less iron and more sodium and protein THE HIGHER LEVEL OF SOLUTES MAY LEAD TO DEHYDRATION |
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When can solid foods be added to the infant's diet? |
Between the ages of 4 and 6 months |
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What are some good foods to avoid in the first year of life? |
-Milk -Egg whites -Peanuts -Wheat |
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What does a mother who smokes during pregnancy put her baby at risk for? |
Low birth weight |
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What is one definitive trait of an infant with galactosemia? |
They will never be able to tolerate lactose (Milk and milk/dairy products) |
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What stage is the toddler at? |
AUTONOMY vs shame and doubt |
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Should you restrict the amount of juice a child drinks? |
Yes. They may fill up on juice and not want to eat therefore juice would be replacing nutrient dense foods |
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Should you assume if a child rejects a new food, that they do not like it and you should just not offer that particular food again? |
No. Children may require repeated exposures, as many as 8 to 10 attempts, before they accept a new food |
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Who is included in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? |
Children 2 years of age and up |
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What foods are potential problems for Food Asphyxiation? |
-Honey -Peanut butter -Peanuts -Popcorn -Hot dogs -Potato chips -Hard candies -Gum -Grapes -Foods containing bones (beef, poultry, fish) |
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What is a way to lower the risk of asphyxiation with children? |
Remind them to chew food well and sit quietly while eating |
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What are some effects of aging on the nutritional status? |
-Decreased ability to taste salt and sweets -Decreased food intake -Decreased taste and smell |
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Signs of dehydration in older adults |
-Confusion -Weakness -Hot,dry body -Furrowed tongue -Decreased skin turgor -Rapid pulse -Elevated urinary sodium |
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What is one reason for an older client's decrease in fluid intake? |
Older clients may intentionally restrict fluid intake because of incontinence Also because of nocturia and the inability to get to the toilet on their own |
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What is something you want to make sure to add to a high fiber diet? |
Plenty of fluids |
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What are dietary causes of constipation? |
Low fiber and fluid |
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What would be one way to reduce the risk of asphyxiation in elderly when eating? |
To sit upright opposite of a caregiver |
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What is one reason for the rise in dehydration risk in the elderly? |
Their decreased ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine |
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What would a nurse's main role be with a patient put on bedrest? |
To change their positions frequently |
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What are the 4 components of the Definition of Nutrition Care Process (NCP)? |
1) Nutrition Assessment 2) Nutrition Diagnosis 3) Nutrition Intervention 4) Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation |
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What is an Anthrometic Assessment? |
They are simple, noninvasive techniques that measure height and weight, head circumference and skinfold thickness |
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If a patient has a weight gain or loss of more than 1 lbs in a day what is it most likely related to? |
Fluid gain or loss |
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What are the BMI classifications for Underweight, normal, overweight and obese? |
Underweight: < 18.5 Normal: 18.5 - 24.9 Overweight: 25.0 - 29.9 Obesity: > 30 |
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How can you determine BMI? |
By dividing weight in kilograms by height in squared meters- [BMI = Weight(kg) ÷ Height (m) 2 ] Refer to page 235 |
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In an acute or long-term setting what is one of the most common forms of food records? |
A calorie (kcal) count |
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What is the correlation between older people and their risk for drug-nutrient or drug-drug interactions? |
Older people have more chronic conditions requiring them to be on more meds which puts them at more risk for drug-nutrient and drug-drug interactions |
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Are over the counter (OTC) meds always safe to take? |
No. They are not harass. They can interact poorly with other meds, nutrients and herbs |
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What should a person on MAOIs avoid? |
Foods and drugs that contain Tyramine such as: Aged cheese (Blue cheese) Also, Chianti wine and several fermented foods |
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What effect can Grapefruit have on medication? |
Grapefruit juice can affect the bioavailability of certain drugs |
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What are some foods that interact with Anticoagulants like Warfarin (Coumadin)? |
Foods high in Vitamin K: Broccoli, spinach, Leafy green vegetables |
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Can herbs cause any interactions? |
Yes. They are not harmless. They can have a significant effect on the bioavailability of foods, nutrients and drugs |
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What is a reason someone would be on a clear liquid diet? And what is a contraindication of the diet? |
Before/after surgery and patients should not be on a clear liquid diet for more than 24 hours |
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What are some examples of foods allowed on a clear, liquid diet? |
Broths Gelatin Coffee Tea |
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What is good about a full liquid diet over a clear liquid one? |
It provides more proteins, calories and nutrients than a clear liquid diet. So, a full liquid diet can be nutritionally complete |
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What kind of patient might not be good on a full liquid diet? |
Someone that is lactose intolerant because lactose-containing (milk-based) foods are included |
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What is another patient that wouldn't do well on a full liquid diet? And why? |
A dysphagia patient because they cannot swallow thin liquids |
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What kind of liquids should you give a dysphagia patient? |
Thick liquids |
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What kind of patient would be a mechanically-altered diet be good for? |
A stroke patient (someone with slurring speech and difficulty/trouble swallowing |
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What is the most important factor in preventing food poisoning? |
Hand washing And personal hygiene |
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What religions will not eat pork and pork-related products? |
Islam or Judaism. Judaism also will not eat fish without scales and fins |
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What is another food guideline that the Judaism religion follows? |
Dairy foods are not consumed with meat or animal-related foods (excludes fish) |
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Any time the Gi tract is used to provide nourishment the feeding is considered a form of what? |
Enteral nutrition |
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Which feedings are preferred and why? Parenteral or Enteral? |
Enteral feedings are preferred over parenteral nutrition because they are physiologically beneficial in maintaining the integrity and function of the gut |
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What is a Percutaneous endoscopic gastrectomy (PEG) tube? |
A feeding tube into the stomach via the esophagus (It is then drawn through the abdominal skin using a stab incision) It has fewer complications than surgical placement and requires minimal sedation |
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Where would you want a feeding tube placed for a comatose patient? |
Into the small intestine because it had less risk of aspiration |
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What angle do you want a patient placed in for a tube feeding? |
A 30 to 45 degree angle unless contraindicated |
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What kind of Parenteral nutrition would you use for long term? |
Central parenteral nutrition (CPN) or Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) |
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Where do you infuse CPN or TPN? |
Into a large-diameter vein such as the superior vena cava or subclavian vein |
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Where do you infuse PPN? |
PPN or peripheral parenteral nutrition is infused in a smaller, peripheral vein (usually the forearm) |
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What is one thing you would want to assess as a nurse as PN is tapered and oral or tube feeding increases? |
You would want to monitor and make sure nutritional intake is adequate (Document actual enteral intake, including fluids, to facilitate nutritional sufficiency) |
