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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbohydrates |
-4 cals per gram - provide energy - plant bases foods |
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Carbohydrate based foods are |
Staples in numerous cultures around the world Ex: tortillas, bread, rice |
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What are the 3 types of carbohydrates? |
-monosaccharides -disaccharides -polysaccharides |
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Monosaccharides |
-single sugars -most basic unit of carbohydrate -must be in this form to be absorbed -three types |
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What are the three types of monosaccharides? |
-glucose -fructose -galactose |
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How is glucose used? |
- directly by the cell for energy -converted to glycogen and stored in muscles or liver -converted to fat and stored as fat |
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Glucose aka |
Dextuose/ blood sugar |
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Fructose aka |
Levulose/ fruit sugar |
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Fructose |
-occurs mostly in fruit and honey -converted to glucose -large amounts cause intestinal distress |
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Galactose |
-generally not found free in nature -is part of lactose(a disaccharide) - converted to glucose in liver |
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Disaccharides |
-formed when two monosaccharides join together -three types |
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What are the types of disaccharides? |
-lactose -maltose -sucrose |
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Lactose |
-aka milk sugar -glucose + galactose= lactose - found in milk and dairy products |
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Maltose |
-Glucose × 2= maltose - found in fermented grain products |
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Sucrose |
-table sugar -glucose +fructose= sucrose -sugar cane/sugar beets |
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Simple sugars |
-monosaccharides and disaccharides |
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Polysaccharides |
- aka complex carb - many glucose molecules joined together - three types |
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What are the three types of polysaccharides? |
-starch - glycogen -Fiber |
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Starch |
-plant form - made of glucose molecules - two main divisions |
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What are the two main divisions of starches? |
-Amylose -amylopectin |
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Glycogen |
- animal -large than plant starch - highly branched so it breaks down quickly |
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Fiber |
-group of substances with similar characteristics - only found in food of plant origin -humans cannot break down most fibers |
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How are fibers classified |
-soluble -insoluble |
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Soluble |
-dissolves in water - forms gels - moves fairly slow |
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Insoluble |
-structural part of plants -does not dissolve Not as much bacterial fermentation |
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Digestive cells |
3 days |
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Skin cells |
10 days |
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Red blood cells |
120 days |
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Artery |
Away from heart |
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Vein |
Back to heart |
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Lymph |
-similar to blood but no rbcs or platelets -carries things too large to pass through capillaries |
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Taste |
-Both mouth and nose contribute to taste |
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Insulin |
A hormone from the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells from the blood |
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Glucagon |
A hormone released from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream |
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Epinefrine |
The major hormone that elicits the stress response causes digestive system to shut down |
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Sphincter |
A circular muscle surrounding, and able to close a body opening |
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Chyme |
The fluids resulting from the actions of the stomach upon the meal |
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Plyoric sphincter |
Circular muscle of lower stomach that regulates the flow of partially digested food into small intestine |
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Small intestine |
The 20 ft length small diameter intestine, below stomach, above large intestine, where most nutrient absorption takes place |
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Large intestine |
Portion of intestine that completes absorption process Reasons water and minerals Passes waste to rectum |
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Colon |
Large intestine |
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Divericulitis |
An inflammation or infection in one or more small pouches in the digestive tract |
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Diverticulosis |
A condition in which small, bulging pouches develop in the digestive tract. |
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Amylase |
Helps digest carbohydrates present in saliva |
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Peptic ulcer |
Gastric acid burns |
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Hydrochloric acid |
A strong corrosive acid Produced by stomach to assist digestion |
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5 tastes |
Sweet Salty Sour Bitter unami |
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Type 2 |
Excersize Weight loss |
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Type 1 |
Insulin Diet must match insulin |
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Sodium bicarbonate |
Fights acidity Secretes by pancreas |
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Gallbladder |
Stores bile till needed |
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Pancreas |
Manufactures enzymes to digest energy yielding nutrients |
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Rectum |
Stores waste prior to elimination |
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Liver |
Manufactures bile |
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Bile |
Detergent like substance that facilitates digestion of fats |
