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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four main functions of the mouth?
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Eating (ingestion)
Tasting (gustation) Partial digestion Lubrication of food (bolus) |
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What are the structures that compose the oral cavity?
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Lips
Cheeks Teeth Gums (gingiva) Tongue Palate Oropharynx |
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What is the general histology of the digestive tract?
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Mucosa - epithelium, lamina propria, msucularis mucosa (none in oral cavity)
Submucosa Muscularis externa (inner circular & outer longitudinal) Outer covering: serosa or adventitia (none in oral cavity) |
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Where is epithelium keratinized?
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Gingiva
Hard palate In places that need protection during chewing |
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What are the three regions of the lips?
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1. Cutaneous - normal skin, keratinized stratified squamous epidermis
2. Vermillion (red) zone - thin, lightly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium 3. Oral mucosa - inside mouth, dense lamina propria (connective tissue) |
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What is the soft palate composed of?
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Skeletal muscle (gag reflex) and smooth muscle
Mucous and serous glands |
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What is the hard palate composed of?
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Cartilagenous fibers in submucosa bind the mucosa to the periosteum
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What type of epithelium does the oropharynx transition to?
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Transitions into ciliated pseudostratified squamous epithelium
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What are the four intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
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Superior longitudinal
Vertical Transverse Inferior longitudinal Lamina propria surrounds each intrinsic muscle Additionally controlled by four extrinsic muscles |
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What is the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue known as?
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Anterior 2/3 = body of tongue
Posterior 1/3 = root of tongue Separated by terminal sulcus |
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What are the three cell types of a taste bud?
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Taste receptor cells (microvilli on apical end and synapse with afferent nerve terminal on basal end)
Supporting cells (immature cells) Precursor cells (basal cells) |
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What are the five tastes and what is the basic physiology of gustation?
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Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami (savory)
Tastants diffuse through a taste pore and tastant interacts with G proteins on microvilli of taste receptor cells |
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What are papillae and where are they found on the tongue?
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Mucosal projections
Stratified squamous epithelium Core of vascularized connective tissue Anterior 2/3 dorsum (top) of tongue |
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What are the general functions of papillae and the four types?
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Gustation and food mobility
Filiform (thread-like), Fungiform (mushroom-like), Foliate (leaf-like), Circumvallate (enclosed by a wall) |
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Describe filiform papillae.
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Most numerous type
Heavily keratinized epithelium Looks gray-white glossy No taste buds Mechanical function - move food during chewing Tall, conical projections |
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Describe fungiform papillae.
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Lightly keratinized or non-keratinized
Randomly interspersed with filiform Some taste buds on top surface Highly vascularized Tall, broad projections |
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Describe foliate papillae.
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Poorly developed in humans
Rectangular shape Non-keratinized Some taste buds on lateral surface If found, on lateral aspect of tongue and parallel to each other |
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Describe circumvallate papillae.
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Least numerous and largest
7-12 found just anterior to terminal sulcus in V shape Contain the most taste buds Each surrounded by deep furrows - von Ebner's glands empty here |
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Where are von Ebner's glands found and what do they secrete?
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Serous glands (gustatory glands) found in lamina propria near circumvallate papillae
Extend into the intrinsic muscles of the tongue Secrete watery fluid to wash tastants to and from taste buds and lipase to prevent oily film from coating taste buds |
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What to von Ebner's glands look like on histology?
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Dark staining from dense rough ER
Acini have basally located nuclei Ducts lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium |
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What is the center of teeth called?
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Pulp cavity
Opens at apical foramen (root canal) into the boney alveolar process - allows entrance and exit of blood vessels, lymph tissue, and myelinated nerves |
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What are the three main parts of a tooth?
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Crown - covered by enamel
Neck - transition in covering Root - covered in cementum |
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What are ameloblasts and when are they present?
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Columnar cells adjacent to dentin initially
Only during development Cells are lost upon tooth eruption |
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What are the actions of enamelin and amelogenin?
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Enamelin - controls calcification of enamel
Amelogenin - ameloprotease (breaks down the enamelin when job is finished) |
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What are odontoblasts?
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Active secretory cells, form the organic portion of dentin (pre-dentin)
Columnar cells at periphery of dental pulp |
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What is the periodontium composed of?
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Cementum + periodontal ligament + alveolar bone + gingiva
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What is the periodontal ligament and what is its purpose?
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Connective tissue with collagen, connects cementum to alveolar bone
Allows slight movement of teeth within alveolus (absorbs some pressures caused by mastication) |
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What are the gingivae?
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Mucous membrane surrounding teeth and firmly bound to the bone
Stratified squamous epithelium |
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What are the three paired salivary glands?
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Parotid
Submandibular Sublingual Produce 90% of saliva |
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What are the proteins found in saliva?
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Lysozyme - destroys bacterial walls
Lactoferrin - chelates iron needed for bacterial growth IgA - protects against bacteria and viruses Amylase - begins carbohydrate breakdown Lingual lipase - begins fat breakdown |
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Describe parotid glands.
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Serous acinar cells only (small lumens)
Some adipocytes in stroma Ducts have longer intercalated portions and short striated portions Secretory product: amylase, proline rich proteins |
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Describe submandibular glands.
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More serous than mucous cells
Shorter intercalated ducts than striated ducts Mucous acini capped by a serous demilune Secretory product: amylase, proline rich proteins, lysozyme, other enzymes |
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Describe sublingual glands.
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Many more mucous than serous cells
Short intercalated and striated ducts (each lobe has its own main duct) No capsule Any serous cells are serous demilunes |
