Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What bones contribute to the bony orbit?
|
Frontal
Zygomatic Sphenoid Maxilla Lacrimal Ethmoid Palatine |
|
|
What are the external features of the eye?
|
Superior & inferior fornix
Lacrimal papillae (medial sides of eyelids) |
|
|
What lies medial to the orbit?
|
Ethmoid air cells
Nasal septum & cavity Sphenoid sinuses (behind ethmoid air cells) |
|
|
What do (most) eye muscles originate from?
|
Common tendinous ring
|
|
|
What is the visual axis?
|
Straight through the eye
Allows the line of vision to hit the macula/fovea |
|
|
What is the orbital axis?
|
Straight through the optic nerve (to an angle compared to the visual axis)
|
|
|
What is macular degeneration?
|
Fovea degenerates
Vision not as sharp |
|
|
What is the most superior eye muscle?
|
Levator palpebrae superioris
From common tendon to upper eyelid |
|
|
What are the recti muscles?
|
Superior (just under LPS)
Inferior Medial Lateral All from common tendon |
|
|
What is the superior oblique muscle?
|
From common tendon
Through trochlea Loops around to insert on superior eyeball |
|
|
What is the inferior oblique muscle?
|
From anterior part of orbit (NOT the common tendon)
Wraps underneath the eye |
|
|
What innervates the superior oblique muscle?
|
CN IV (trochlear)
|
|
|
What innervates levator palpebrae superioris?
|
CN III (oculomotor)
Doesn't move the eyeball; elevates upper eyelid |
|
|
What innervates superior rectus?
|
CN III (oculomotor)
|
|
|
What innervates medial rectus?
|
CN III (oculomotor)
|
|
|
What innervates lateral rectus?
|
CN VI (abducens)
|
|
|
What innervates inferior rectus?
|
CN III (oculomotor)
|
|
|
What innervates inferior oblique?
|
CN III (oculomotor)
|
|
|
What movements does the lateral rectus do?
|
Abducts
|
|
|
What movements does the medial rectus do?
|
Adducts
|
|
|
What movements does the superior rectus do?
|
Elevates
Adducts Intorts |
|
|
What movements does the inferior rectus do?
|
Depresses
Adducts Extorts |
|
|
What movements does the superior oblique do?
|
Depresses
Abducts Intorts |
|
|
What movements does the inferior oblique do?
|
Elevates
Abducts Extorts |
|
|
How can you test superior rectus?
|
Abduct eye (puts it perpendicular to the axis, opposing muscle IO parallel)
Then elevate the eye |
|
|
How can you test inferior oblique?
|
Adduct eye
Then elevate |
|
|
How can you test superior oblique?
|
Adduct eye
Then depress |
|
|
How can you test inferior rectus?
|
Abduct eye
Then depress |
|
|
How do you test lateral rectus?
|
Adduct eye
|
|
|
How do you test medial rectus? |
Adduct eye |
|
|
What do all of the arteries of the orbit come from?
|
Ophthalmic artery
From internal carotid |
|
|
What is the most important blood supply to the orbit?
|
Central retinal artery
Through the middle of the optic nerve Comes out at the optic disk |
|
|
What veins drain the orbit? |
Superior & inferior ophthalmic veins (emissary veins) To the cavernous sinus |
|
|
What is the frontal nerve?
|
Runs straight across the top of LPS
Branch of CN V1 |
|
|
What does the frontal nerve split into?
|
Supraorbital & supratrochlear nerves
Through superior orbital margin into forehead, bridge of nose, upper lip Most sensory cutaneous from CN V1 dermatome Nasociliary nerve Lacrimal nerve |
|
|
Where is the nasociliary nerve?
|
Between medial side of superior oblique and LPS
Superior rectus lateral to it |
|
|
What runs with the nasociliary nerve?
|
Ophthalmic artery
|
|
|
Where is the lacrimal nerve?
|
Runs laterally to the lacrimal gland
|
|
|
Where is CN IV in the orbit?
|
Dives into superior oblique
|
|
|
Where is CN III in the orbit?
|
Underneath most of the muscles
|
|
|
Where is CN VI in the orbit?
|
Medial to lateral rectus
|
|
|
What does the nasociliary lead to?
|
Anterior & posterior ethmoidal nerves
Enter the nasal cavity Ophthalmic artery does the same things! |
|
|
What is the ciliary ganglion?
|
Parasympathetic above optic nerve
|
|
|
What nerves innervate the lacrimal gland?
|
Sensory: V2, V1
Parasympathetic (secretomotor): start in greater petrosal from CN VII |
|
|
How do the parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve from CN VII get into the lacrimal gland?
|
Through nerve of pterygoid canal
Synapse on cell bodies in pterygopalatine ganglion Travel with zygomatic V2 branch (cheekbone), to lacrimal gland via lacrimal branch of V1 |
|
|
What does a disruption of the pathway from the greater petrosal --> lacrimal gland cause?
|
Dry eye
|
|
|
What is sensory to the cornea and sclera?
|
CN V1
|
|
|
What is responsible for the sensory limb of the corneal blink reflex?
|
CN V1
|
|
|
What is responsible for the motor limb of the corneal blink reflex?
|
CN VII
|
|
|
What is the superior tarsal muscle?
|
Sympathetic to elevate the upper eyelid
|
|
|
What is the dilator pupillae muscle?
|
Dilates the pupil
Sympathetic innervation |
|
|
Are blood vessels in the orbit innervated by sympathetics or parasympathetics?
|
Sympathetics
|
|
|
How do sympathetics get to the orbit?
|
All preganglionics synapse in superior cervical ganglion (neck) Through the ciliary ganglion (don't synapse)Through short ciliary/cavernous sinus to follow vessels |
|
|
Short ciliary nerves have what types of fibers?
|
Postganglionic parasympathetic
Postganglionic sympathetic Sensory |
|
|
Long ciliary nerves have what types of fibers?
|
Postganglionic sympathetic
Sensory nerves |
