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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Addition Reaction |
Number of substituents on carbon increase. |
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Elimination Reaction |
Number of substituents on carbon decreases |
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Substitution reaction |
Number of substituents remain the same. |
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Breaking bonds symmetrically |
Use fish hook arrows that transfer 1 electron. Associated with radical reactions. Homolytic bond breakage. |
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Non-symmetrical bond break |
Bond breaks towards more electronegative atom. Full head arrow, moves electron pairs, associated with polar reactions. |
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Nucleophile |
Electron rich atoms or molecules. Lewis base. Have an electron pair to share. |
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Epectrophile |
Electron deficient atoms or molecules. Lewis Acid. Can accept a pair of electrons. |
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Spontaneous reaction |
Gibbs free energy is negative - Enthalpy (♢H°) is negative - Entropy (♢S°) is positive |
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Non spontaneous reaction |
Gibbs free energy is positive - Enthalpy (♢H°) is positive - Entropy (♢S°) is negative |
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Reactants favoured reaction |
- Keq < 1 - ♢H° > 0 - ♢G° > 0 - ♢S° < 0 |
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Products favoured reactions |
- Keq > 1 - ♢H° < 0 - ♢G° < 0 - ♢S° > 0 |
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Rate determining step |
Largest energy step. Trough to trough. |
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Catalyst |
Lowers activation energy. Does not change energy of start or endpoint. |
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Enzymes |
Biological proteins, found in bodies and act as catalysts. |
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Exergonic |
A release of energy. When spontaneous. G<0 |
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Endergonic |
When energy is absorbed. When non-spontaneous. G>0 |
