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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Collective Security
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Formation of a broad alliance of most major actors
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Idealism
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Human nature is good
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Unipolar
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One state has all the power
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Theories of International Relations
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Idealism, Realism, Neorealism
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Problems with Realism
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Military power does not always equal military victory.
Weakness is econonomic power |
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Problems with Idealism
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Cooperation can be weakness
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Neorealism
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States should seek security and understand the international system
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Internation Regime
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Rules, norms, and procedures that must be followed by certain actors
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Hegemonic Stability Theory
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One states power is predominant and can enforce norms unilaterally. Avoids collective goods.
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Realism
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Human Nature is selfish. States seek power.
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What does a nation-state do?
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1. Commands allegiance of citizens in the territory
2. Possesses the power to wage war 3. Concerned with full range of issues 4. Under national law has sovereignty |
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Define International Relations
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Relationships among the world's governments and people.
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Nation-state: General Understanding
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1. Government structure
2. Specific geographic area 3. A population that recognizes government and feel a part of the state |
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Why is the power of the state declining?
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1. Mass communication
2. Economic Integration 3. Rise of international organizations |
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Sovereignty Implications
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1. All states are legally equal
2. Subnational units have legal authority to negotiate for the nation-state |
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Intergovernmental Organizations
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(IGOs)
1.Composed of nation-states 2. Signed by a treaty 3. Global and Regional level |
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What do all IGOs have in common?
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1. States for membership
2. Must rely on states for action and finance |
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Major weakness of NGOs:
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Must rely on individuals for finance
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Multinational Corporations
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(MNCs)
1. Firm exists in two or more states 2. Can control the policies of the states because of economic power |
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Nongovernmental Organizations
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(NGOs)
1. Composed or private individuals in two or more states. |
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International System
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Conditions behavior of states due to power and wealth distribution
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First Use of Nationalism
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French Revolution
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Democratic Peace Theory
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Democracies do not go to war with each other so everyone should promote democratization
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What factors should be examined in comparative foreign policy?
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1. Size of State
2. Type of government 3. Issues of wealth 4. Size of military |
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Issues of Wealth
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Whether wealth increases or decreases the characteristic of state aggression
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Type of government
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If dictatorships are more or less aggressive than democracies
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Size if the state
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Smaller or larger states more aggressive?
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Size of Military
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Realists believe that this is the most important actor
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Dependency Theory
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"Complex interdependency"
States are mutually dependent on each other. |
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Neoliberalism
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International system is unequal. Focus is on economics
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Multipolar
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Power is dispersed among 5 or more states
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Bipolar
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Two states hold power
The Cold War: US, Soviet Union |
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What are the four waves of nationalism?
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Decline of:
1. Ottoman Empire 2. Austro-Hungarian Empire 3. Colonialism 4. Communism |
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Decline of the Ottoman(turkish) Empire
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Berlin Congress
Creation of Greece, Bulgaria, Romania Solidification of Germany |
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Decline of Autro-Hungarian Empire
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Many states were created by the winner's of WWI and WWII and do not exist today
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Decline of colonialism
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Nationalism becomes a force for the creation of new states outside of Europe
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Decline of Communism
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Creation of 15 new states along with the creation of several frozen conflicts
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What is a nation?
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Psychological and sociological concept.
Bound by individuals and group self awareness |
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Characteristics of a Nation:
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1. Language
2. Religion 3. Culture and Traditions 4. History and Common Past 5. Territory |
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Language
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Most basic.
Issue of alphabet |
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Religion
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Depends on state if this is an important issue
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Culture and Traditions
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Shared culture groups people together
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History and Common Past
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The idea of understanding the history of the nation.
Mythology |
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Territory
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Defining characteristic of people grouped together by land
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Group-think
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Groups validate wrong decisions.
Overconfident and underestimating risks |
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Bargaining
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Tacit or direct communication in an attempt to reach agreement on an exchange of value.
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Negotiation
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Bargaining that takes place formally usually with back and forth dialogue
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Deterrance
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A threat to punish another actor if it takes a certain negative action.
Especially against one's own state or allies |
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Zero-sum game
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One player's gain is equal to the others loss.
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Balance of power
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One or more states power being used to balance that of another state or group of states.
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Hegemony
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One states preponderance of power so that it can single-handidly dominate the rules and arrangements by the way things are conducted.
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Burden Sharing
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Distribution of the costs of an alliance among members
Conflicts may arise during distribution |
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Collective Goods
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Tangible or intangible goods available to all members of a group regardless of individual contribution
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Hegemonic War
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War over control of the entire world order.
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Provide Service to home nationals
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Embassy
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Continuous collection of information about host country as well as views towards home country
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Embassy
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Regular lind of communication between states
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Embassy
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Represent the commercial interests of the home country
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Embassy
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Informal Diplomacy
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Other people besides elites and official reps. engage in diplomacy
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Formal Diplomacy
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1. Ambassador
2. Ambassador @ large 3. Envoy 4. Minister Resident |
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Diplomacy
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The conduct of relations between states through representatives
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Ambassador:
Staff of Embassy |
Civil Servant appointee or political appointee
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Consular officers:
Staff of Embassy |
Individual in charge of providing service to home nationals (passport, marriage)
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Information Officers:
Staff of Embassy |
Work in political, economic, and cultural sections
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Privelages of Diplomacy
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1. Personal protection
2. Inviolable property 3. Inviolable communication 4. Tax exemption 5. Legal Immunity |
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Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
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Loose coordinating structure linking the former republics of the Soviet Union.
Not the Baltic states |
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Postmodernism
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Denies the existence of a single fixed reality, pays special attention to texts.
How people talk and write about a subject. |
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Militarism
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The glorification of war in society
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Positive Peace
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Peace that resolves the underlying reasons for war- not just cease war but transforms relationships
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Information Screens
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Subconcious filters about information about the world.
Often ignores info Screened from person to person in decision making process |
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Military- Industrial Complex
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Huge interlocking network of governmental agencies, industrial corporations, and research institutes.
Work together to supply military forces |
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Lateral Pressure
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Connects economic competition with security.
Economic growth leads to geographic expansions due to seeking natural resources |
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National Security Council
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Staff in the White House basement.
Ran covert operations |
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Proliferation
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Spread of weapons of mass destruction to more actors
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Satisficing
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Finding a satisfactory solution
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Essentialist Feminism
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Believe there is a core biological essence to being male or female
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Liberal Feminism
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Men and women are equal
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Postmodern Feminism
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Rejects assumptions about gender made by both difference and men and women are equal
Finds points made to be flexible |
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International Security
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A subfield of IR.
Focuses on questions of war and peace |
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League of Nations
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After WWI, Woodrow Wilson led effort to create
Forerunner of UN Weak because of US absence, lack of effectiveness in ensuring collective security |
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North-South gap
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Rich industrialized countries of the North(West and former Eastt)
Poor countries of the South(Africa, Middle East, Asia, Latin America) Most Important geographical element |
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Munich Agreement
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Effort to appease German ambitions, Britain and France agreed to let Germany occupy part of Czechoslovakia.
Seemed to encourage Hitler's conquest |
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Containment
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Adopted in the 1940's the US wanted to halt the expansion of Soviet influence globally.
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Proxy Wars
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Wars in 3rd world that are typically civil wars.
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Sino-Soviet Split
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Chinese- communist revolution created the alliance.
China became independent when they disagreed with Soviet moves towards peaceful coexistence with the US |
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International Security:
Subfield of IR |
"High politics"
Issues of security or war Most of 20th Century |
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International Political Economy(IPE):
Subfield of IR |
"Law economics"
OPEC crisis Rise of Japan in the 80's |
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Security:
Purpose of Foreign Policy |
Primarily realists.
Mostly military but now economic as well |
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Isolation:
Purpose of Foreign Policy |
Non-engagement in the affairs of other states.
Least political |
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Neutrality:
Purpose of Foreign Policy |
Legal Status during war
Only applies during war, no significant impact on foreign policy. |
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Non-aligned Movement:
Purpose of Foreing Policy |
Developed during the Cold War
States that do not want to join with the US or Soviet Union |
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Alliances:
Purpose of Foreign Policy |
Formal agreement between two or more states to collaberate on security issues.
NATO |
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Casus Foderis:
Limitations to Alliances |
In any treaty the clause states what actions must be undertaken by alliance partners
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Form of Commitment:
Limitations to Alliances |
Responsibility that partner must take
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Duration of Alliance:
Limitations to Alliances |
How long treaty and partner obligations remain in effect
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Welfare:
Limitations to Alliances |
Engage in economic foreign policies to promote trade and economic benefits for the state.
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Prestige:
Limitations to Alliances |
Respect. Nuclear weapons as well as economy
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