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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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intelligence
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the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges
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G or g factor
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the single, general factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence
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Fluid intelligence
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intelligence that reflects information-processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory.
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crystallized intelligence
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the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that are learned through experience and can be applied in problem-solving situations. Allows us to draw our own past experiences and knowledge of the world. More of a reflection of the culture in which a person is raised.
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Gardner's 8 different forms of intelligence
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musical, bodily kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist
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practical intelligence
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related to overall success in living. learned mainly through observation. Measures the ability to employ broad principles in solving everyday problems
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emotional intelligence
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the set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions.
Underlies the ability to get along well with others. An understanding of what other people are feeling and permits us to respond to others’ needs. The basis of empathy for others, self-awareness, and social skills. |
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intelligence tests
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: tests devised to quantify a person’s level of intelligence.
Identifies students in need of special attention in school, diagnosing cognitive difficulties, and helping people make optimal educational and vocational choices. |
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mental age
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the average age of individuals who achieve a particular level of performance on a test
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Intelligence quotient (IQ)
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a score that takes into account an individual’s mental and chronological ages. IQ = (MA/CA) x 100
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Achievement test
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a test designed to determine a person’s level of knowledge in a given subject area. (assessing prior performance)
Concentrates on the specific material a person has learned. |
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Aptitude test
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a test designed to predict a person’s ability in a particular area or line of work. (predicting future success)
SAT or ACT predict how well people will do in college, moderately correlated with college grades. |
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Reliability
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the property by which tests measure consistently what they are trying to measure.
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Validity
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the property by which tests actually measure what they are supposed to measure. If is has anything to do with it or not.
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Norms
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standards of test performance that permit the comparison of one person’s score on a test with the scores of others who have taken the same test. Standardized tests
The people used to determine norms must be representative of the individuals to whom the test is directed. |
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Mental retardation
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a condition characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior involving conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills.
Most people are mild. Mild, moderate, severe, and profound |
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causes of mental retardation
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Down Syndrome results from the presence of an extra chromosome. Fetal alcohol syndrome can also produce retardation. Temporary lack of oxygen at birth can also cause it, a head injury, stroke, or an infection like meningitis. The majority of the cases are classified as familial retardation, in which no apparent biological defect exists but there is a history in the family
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Intellectually gifted
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the 2 to 4 percent of the population who have IQ scores greater than 130. Usually outgoing, well-adjusted, and popular. A high IQ is not a universal guarantee of success though
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Culture-fair IQ test
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a test that does not discriminate against the members of any minority group.
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Heritability
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a measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors.
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