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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neurons:
Dendrite Axon Myelin Sheath Nodes of Ranvier Synaptic Knob Synapse |
Different electrical pathways that give messages from one neuron to another using:
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What chemical neurotransmitter causes schizophrenia?
Depression feel really good Makes you feel good Chocolate Bonding Laughing Gas |
Dopamine
Serotonin Endorphin/Anandamide Phenylethylamine Oxytocin Nitric Oxide |
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2 parts of the brain
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left and right hemispheres
Left: boring, verbal, math, reading, parts not whole, present, non-emotional, black or white Right: pictorial, abstract, sees the whole (big picture and spatial), creative, musical, emotional, past and future, ghostly present. |
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Corpus Callosum
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cross over from left to right hemisphere so they can communicate with each other
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Lobes (4)
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Frontal - planning, abstract, expressive speech, aggressions, impulse control, smell, daydreaming (medical prefrontal)
Temporal - repetitive, reoeptive speech, hearing, auditory (surgery mapping) Parietal - taste, touch, daydreaming (medical) Occipital - sight Contra coup - |
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Thalamus
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relaying sensation, spatial sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, along with the regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness
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Medulla
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respiration – chemoreceptors
cardiac center – sympathetic, parasympathetic system vasomotor center – baroreceptors reflex centers of vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and swallowing |
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Research terms
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Validity - factual or true
Reliability- consistency Independent Variable - method Dependent Variable - results Hypothesis - guess of why something happens |
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Reseach types
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Observation is the least reliable.
Laboratory is the most reliable. |
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Psychology (definition)
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Psychology is the science of mind and behavior. Its goal is to understand humanity by both discovering general principles and exploring specific cases,ultimate aim is to benefit society.
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Ages and stages
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crying -Birth to 3 weeks
cooing - 3 weeks to 4 months babbling - 4-6 months to 1 year pseudocries - 6 months first word - 12 months 2 words - 18 months 50 words -24 months=2 years old 1000 words - 36 months or 3 yrs |
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Defense Mechanisms-distorting reality to make yourself feel better (& reduce anxiety)
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Denial-pretend it didn't happen
Repression-forget it Regression-be a kid (laugh, cry, sleep to not have to deal with it Reaction formation-act the opposite of how you really feel like be really nice to someone you actually hate Displacement-blame it on someone else cuz you can't get mad at the real source Rationalization-sour grapes, talk yourself out of it |
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Pavlov/classical conditioning
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CS-UCS-R
Conditioned Stimuli- Unconditioned stimuli - Response |
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CS-UCS-R
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CS (neutral) - UCS (innate) - R (learning)
CS bell-UCS food- R salivate CS weekend-UCS alcohol-R drunk CS 10pm-UCS food- R relax CS parents-UCS approval -R role CS needle-UCS heroine- R rush CS click - UCS squirt - R jump |
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Behavior
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Abnormal - weird
DSM IV=book of diagnosis Neurosis (functional); not as severe as psychosis, gets you through a rough time of anxiety Personality Disorders (10) Psychosis-out of touch with reality = schizophrenia= delusions and hallucinations Brief Psychotic Reaction |
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Personlity Disorder (5 types)
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Egosyntonic=fits with your personality
5 Traits= Paranoid=someone is after you Anti-social=against other people Histrionic=drama Narcissistic=all about me Borderline=black or white, nice then mean |
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Language
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Psycholinguistics
All children Special needs: autistic, mentally challenged, hearing impaired |
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Short term memory
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Electrical
30 seconds limited capacity hold 7 + or - 2 hippocampus-It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long-term memory and spatial navigation. Is easy to retrieve ampakine-drugs that enhance attention span and alertness, and facilitate learning and memory. -improves glutamate receptors |
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Long term memory
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No specific location in the brain, diffuse or all over
Massive capacity Lasts forever Difficult to retrieve PTSD-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder = adrenaline uses anxiety meds Chemical=acetylcholine (activates muscles, relaxes muscles) |
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Theories of Forgetting (4)
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Trace-decay: memory trace in the brain which fades with time
Displacement- Interference-recall of certain items interferes with the recall of other items Freud- |
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Motivation
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Homeosis-transformation of one body part into another
Hypothalamus-on-off switch; controls body temperature, hunger, thirst,fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles. |
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Eyes
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Rods and Cones-photoreceptor cells in the retina
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37. Eyes, the answer is "A"
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A
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Piaget
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Cognitive Development:
Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Abstract |
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Glial Cells
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provide support and protection for the brain's neurons. Many more glial cells than neurons
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Sleep
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90 MINUTE CYCLES
Stages & Cycles: 4 sleep cycles: 1,2,3,4 Different levels of sleep 3,2,1,REM, awake Happen in 90 minute cycles REM-minutes= lowest is 8, 18, 24, 28 |
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Taste-Where are the different tastes located on the tongue?
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Sweet: front
Salt: way out on both sides Bitter:Back Sour:both sides Savory Meat: middlish areas Super (35 buds), avg, non-tasters (10-15 buds) overeating, alcoholism,etc. |
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Sleep Disorders (2)
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Narcolepsy-chronic sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness
Cataplexy-sudden muscular weakness Apnea (uvula)-stopping of breathing then it starts again like someone snoring then stops breathing then starts again. |
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Stages of Stress
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Selye's Stages:
Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion |
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Broca's
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The motor speech area (Broca's area) is usually in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere
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Theorists
1)Gate Control Theory 2) Erikson 3)Kohlberg |
1)Has to do with pain
2)Ages and stages of psychosocial development 3)Moral Reasoning |
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1) Abnormal Psychology
2)Anxiety |
1)Psychotic (hallucinations and delusions) is not a normal behavior; not in contact with reality
2)Phobias (fears in Latin) |
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Aphasia
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Language disorder from head damage; central lateralization;
disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. |
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Symmetry (sameness)
Asymmetry (not the same) |
The 2 brains are not the same size; and do not do the same thing; color blind is the common issue.
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