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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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addiction
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Development of a physical need for a psychoactive drug.
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agonists
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Drugs that bind to a receptor and mimic the effects of the neurotransmitter that normally fits that receptor.
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altered state of consciousness
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A condition that exists when changes in mental processes are extensive enough to produce noticeable differences in psychological and behavioral functioning.
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antagonists
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Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent the normal neurotransmitter from binding.
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blood-brain barrier
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A characteristic of blood vessels in the brain that prevents some substances from entering brain tissue.
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circadian rhythm (human biological rhythm)
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A cycle, such as waking and sleeping, that repeats about once a day.
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CNS depressant drugs
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Psychoactive drugs that inhibit the functioning of the central nervous system.
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CNS stimulating drugs
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Psychoactive drugs that increase behavioral and mental activity.
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consciousness
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The awareness of external stimuli and our own mental activity.
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consciousness state
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The characteristics of consciousness at any particular moment.
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dissociation theory
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A theory proposing that hypnosis is a socially agreed-upon opportunity to display one’s ability to let mental functions become dissociated.
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dreaming
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The production during sleep of story-like sequences of images, sensations, and perceptions that last from several seconds to many minutes; it occurs mainly during REM sleep.
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drug abuse
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(substance abuse) The use of psychoactive drugs in ways that deviate from cultural norms and cause serious problems for the user.
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drug tolerance
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A condition in which increasingly larger drug doses are needed to produce a given effect
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drug withdrawal
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A set of symptoms associated with ending the use of an addictive substance.
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hallucinogenic drugs
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Psychoactive drugs that alter consciousness by producing a temporary loss of contact with reality and changes in emotion, perception, and thought.
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hypnosis
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A phenomenon that is brought on by special techniques and is characterized by varying degrees of responsiveness to suggestions for changes in a person’s behavior and experiences.
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hypnotic susceptibility
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The degree to which a person responds to hypnotic suggestion.
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insomnia
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A sleep disorder in which a person has trouble falling asleep or staying asleep at night.
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jet lag
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Fatigue, irritability, inattention, and sleeping problems caused by air travel across several time zones.
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lucid dreaming
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Being aware that a dream is a dream while it is occurring
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narcolepsy
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daytime sleep disorder in which a person suddenly switches from an active waking state into REM sleep.
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nightmares
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Frightening dreams that take place during REM sleep
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NREM (nonrapid eye movement) sleep
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Sleep stages 1, 2, 3, and 4; they are accompanied by gradually slower and deeper breathing; a calm, regular heartbeat; reduced blood pressure; and slower brain waves. (Stages 3 and 4 are called slow-wave sleep.)
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opiates
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Psychoactive drugs that produce both sleep-inducing and pain-relieving effects.
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psychoactive drugs
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Chemical substances that act on the brain to create psychological effects.
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psychopharmacology
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The study of psychoactive drugs and their effects.
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REM (rapid eye movement) sleep
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The stage of sleep during which muscle tone decreases dramatically but the EEG resembles that of someone who is awake.
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role theory
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A theory proposing that hypnotized people act in accordance with a social role that provides a reason to follow a hypnotist’s suggestions.
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sleep apnea
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A sleep disorder in which a person briefly but repeatedly stops breathing during the night.
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sleep deprivation
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A condition in which people do not get enough sleep; it may result in reduced cognitive abilities, inattention, and increased risk of accidents.
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sleep terror disorder (night terrors)
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The occurrence of horrific dream images during stage 4 sleep, followed by a rapid awakening and a state of intense fear.
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sleepwalking
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A phenomenon that starts primarily in non-REM sleep, especially in stage 4, and involves walking while asleep.
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state theory
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A theory proposing that hypnosis creates an altered state of consciousness.
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subconscious
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Another term that describes the mental level at which influential but normally inaccessible mental processes take place.
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sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
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A disorder in which a sleeping baby stops breathing but does not awaken and dies.
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unconscious
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The term used to describe a level of mental activity said by Freud to contain unacceptable sexual, aggressive, and other impulses of which an individual is unaware.
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