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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Definition of Psychopathology
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Patterns of thinking and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, or uncomfortable for the affected person or for others
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DSM-IV
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the “official North American diagnostic classification system"
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Evaluates troubled people on 5 dimensions or axes:
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5 Axis
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Axis I – Mental Disorders
Axis II – Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation Axis III – Medical Conditions Axis IV – Psychosocial or environmental problems Axis V – Current level of functioning (GAF – a rating from 100 to 1) |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Excessive and long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any particular object or situation
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Affects about 3.4% of the US population in any given year, and about 5% of the population at some point in their lives
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Panic Disorder
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when panic attacks occur frequently and unexpectedly
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seen in only about 1 to 2 percent of the population in any given year
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Obsessions
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repeated, intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts or mental images that cause the person great anxiety and distress
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Compulsions
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a repetitive behavior that a person feels driven to perform
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Affects about 2.4% of the US population in any given year
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Conversion Disorder
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A condition which a person appears to be, but is not, blind, deaf, paralyzed, or insensitive to pain in various parts of the body
Originally known as Hysteria |
Accounts for only about 2% of diagnoses
Differs from true physical disabilities: They tend to appear when a person is under severe stress They often help reduce that stress by enabling the person to avoid unpleasant situations The symptoms may be physiologically impossible or improbable The person may show remarkably little concern about what most people would think was a rather serious problem |
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Dissociative Fugue
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Person outwardly appears completely normal, the person has extensive amnesia and is confused about his identity.
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While in the fugue state he suddenly and inexplicably travels away from home. Also, associated with traumatic events or stressful periods.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Extensive memory disruptions for personal information along with the presence of two or more distinctive identities within a single person
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Major Depressive Disorder
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feels sad and overwhelmed for weeks or months, typically losing interest in activities and relationships and taking pleasure in nothing; exaggerated feelings of inadequacy, worthlessness, hopelessness, or guilt are common
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Dysthymic Disorder
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pattern of depression to a lesser degree and for a longer period of time (at least 2 years)
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Bipolar Disorder
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a condition in which a person alternates between the two emotional extremes of depression and mania
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Mania – very agitate, usually elated, emotional state
It is rare, occurring in only about 1% of adults Affects men and women about equally |
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Cyclothymia Disorder
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characterized by an alternating pattern of mood swings that are less extreme than those seen in bipolar disorder
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The bipolar equivalent of dysthymic disorder
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Information on Suicide
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11th leading cause of death in the US
most common among people 65 and older, especially males 3rd leading cause of death after accidents and homicide among 15-24 year olds 2nd leading cause of death among college students |
Women attempt suicide 3 times as often as men, but men are 4 times as likely to actually kill themselves
About 28,000 people in the US commit suicide each year, and 10-20 times that many people attempt it |
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Types of Schizophrenia
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Paranoid type – characterized by the presence of delusions, hallucinations (often command hallucinations) or both. This is the most common type of schizophrenia
Catatonic type – highly disturbed movements or actions; complete immobility; "waxy flexibility". This type is very rare Disorganized type – extremely disorganized behavior, disorganized speech, and flat affect Undifferentiated type – displays some combination of positive and negative symptoms that does not clearly fit the criteria for the paranoid, catatonic, or disorganized types. Residual type – applies to people who have had prior episodes of schizophrenia but are not currently displaying symptoms |
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Hallucinations
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False or distorted perceptions that seem vividly real
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Most common are auditory; second most common are visual.
A frequent form of auditory is hearing voices These are often tied to the persons delusional beliefs |
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Delusions
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A falsely held belief that persists in spite of contradictory evidence or appeals to reason
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Positive Symptom
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Appear as undesirable “additions” to a persons mental life
Delusions or false beliefs Hallucinations or false perceptions Severely disorganized thought processes, speech, and behavior |
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Negative Symptoms
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appear to “subtract” elements from normal mental life
Absence of pleasure and motivation Lack of emotional reactivity Social Withdrawal Reduced Speech |
Brain imaging differences (less brain tissue in areas of emotional expression, thinking and information processing) have been found with this.
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Causes of Schizophrenia
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Vulnerability Theory
The diathesis-stress concept forms the basis for this theory |
Vulnerability to schizophrenia is mainly biological
Different people have differing degrees of vulnerability Vulnerability is influenced partly by genetic influences on development and partly by abnormalities that arise from environmental risk factors Psychological components may help determine whether schizophrenia actually appears and also influences the course of the disorder |
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Personality Disorders
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Long-standing, inflexible ways of behaving that are not so much severe mental disorders as dysfunctional styles of living
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Insanity
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mental illness that prevents a person from 1)understanding what he was doing, 2)knowing that what he was doing was wrong, and 3)resisting the impulse to do wrong
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Incompetent to Stand Trial
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if, at the time of the trial, a person accused of a crime is unable to understand the proceedings and charges against them or help in their own defense
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