Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Black widow spider venom |
Acetylcholine Agonist
Mode of action: Stimulates release of NT at the NM junction.
Effect: seizures (uncontrolled excitation) |
|
|
Botulinum toxin |
Acetylcholine Antagonist Produced by clostridium botulinum, a bacterium that can grow in improperly canned food Mode of action: Inhibits release of NT Effect: Extremely potent poison. Diluted, used for botox treatments; stops muscular contractions in facial muscles that are responsible for wrinkles in the skin. |
|
|
Nicotine |
Acetylcholine Agonist Found in tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum) Mode of action: Stimulates postsynaptic receptors (nicotinic receptors) Notes: has greatest effects in the CNS |
|
|
Muscarine |
Acetylcholine Agonist Found in Amanita muscaria, a poison mushroom Mode of action: Stimulates postsynaptic receptors (muscarinic receptors)
Notes: Not bio-transformed, excreted in active form |
|
|
Curare |
Acetylcholine Antagonist Found in the bark of trees in the Amazon, used for hunting purposes Mode of action: Blocks nicotinic receptors at the NM junction Effect: Paralysis, used for hunting. Used to paralyze patients during surgery. Notes: doesn't cross the BBB |
|
|
Atropine |
Acetylcholine Antagonist Plant alkaloid Mode of action: Blocks muscarinic receptors Effect: Used to make the pupils dilate |
|
|
Physostigmine |
Acetylcholine Agonist Insecticide (we have enzymes that inhibit it)
Mode of action: Inactivates acetylcholinesterase
Effect: Used clinically to treat anticholinergic drug overdoses (ex: atropine) by allowing the released ACh to have a more prolonged effect on the synapse |
|
|
Serine nerve gas |
AChE inhibitor; can't deactivate it - biological/chemical weapon |
|
|
L-DOPA |
Dopamine Agonist
Mode of action: Serves as a precursor for dopamine; can cross the BBB unlike dopamine
Effect: Increases the synthesis of dopamine by the surviving dopaminergic neurons in patients with Parkinson's. |
|
|
Reserpine |
Monoamines Antagonist
Mode of action: Prevents storage of dopamine in synaptic vesicles by blocking vesicular transporters (or makes them leaky)
Effect: Calming effect, previously used to treat high blood pressure |
|
|
PCPA |
Serotonin Antagonist
Mode of action: Inhibits synthesis of NT by inactivating synthetic enzyme |
|
|
Apomorphine |
Dopamine Antagonist
Mode of action: Inhibits synthesis and release of NT by stimulating autoreceptors |
|
|
Idazoxan |
Norepinephrine Agonist
Mode of action: Increases synthesis and release of NT by blocking autoreceptors |
|
|
Cocaine |
Dopamine Agonist Native to coca plant. Cocaine is the main psychoactive ingredient; other drugs mediate cocaine's effect and make it less addictive. Mode of action: Blocks dopamine reuptake
Effect: Stimulant, involved in attention and alertness. Addictive because it directly affects N. accumbens. |
|
|
Ritalin (methylphenidate) |
Dopamine Agonist
Mode of action: Dopamine reuptake blocker Effect: stimulant like cocaine, but has calming/sedative effects. Used to treat children with ADD. |
|
|
Chloropromazine |
Dopamine Antagonist
Mode of action: D2 receptor blocker Effect: Alleviate symptoms of Schizophrenia (hallucinations, delusions, disruption of normal, logical thought processes)
|
|
|
Amphetamines |
Norepinephrine Agonist Natural ?????, illegal. Mode of action: simple receptor agonist |
|
|
Methamphethamine |
Meth modified/pure NE reuptake blocker |
|
|
Prozac (fluoxetine) |
Serotonin Agonist
Mode of action: specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Effect: Used to treat depression, some forms of anxiety disorders, and OCD |
|
|
LSD (acid) |
Serotonin Agonist Derived from a fungus
Mode of action: probably work of 5HT2a in cortex (directly on postsynaptic neuron) Effect: wild, very vivid hallucinations & delusions. Not toxic but bad trips that can be very traumatic. |
|
|
PCP (Angel dust) |
Glutamatergic Antagonist
Mode of action: Blocks NMDA receptor (indirect antagonist -> not binding site of ligand) Effect: hallucinations, mostly nightmares |
|
|
Tetanus toxin |
Glycine Antagonist From bacteria that causes tetanus Mode of action: prevents the release of glycine Effect: continuous muscle contraction (leads to stiffness and rigidity of joints) |
|
|
Strychnine |
Glycine antagonist Plant alkaloid Mode of action: direct antagonist of the receptor (same binding site, blocks it) Effect: convulsions and death |
|
|
Phentobarbital (Barbiturate) |
GABA Indirect Agonist
Effect: sedative. Used as anxiolytic, sleeping pill, tranquilizer in surgery. Very low therapeutic index - use benzodiazepines instead |
|
|
Benzodiazepines |
Sedatives Xanex: anxiolytic Valium: sleeping |
|
|
Alcohol |
Used to deal with anxiety and as a sedative At low doses, acts as a stimulant (depresses inhibitory systems first then excitatory systems) |
