Psychopharmacology

Drug

Everything is a poison depending on its ____

Psychopharmacology

The neural tube becomes ___ and ___

The neural tube "zips" together from ___ to ___ & ___

Cell proliferation

Cell migration

Synaptogenesis

Organization of the brain determines its ____

The 3 important parameters in brain organization

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons use ____ as their main neurotransmitter

Preganglionic neurons are located in either the ___ or ____

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons are ____ receptors

Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons are _____

Effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine vary among different target cells according to the types of ____ receptors they express

Adrenergic receptors are ____ & ____

Two types of acetylcholine receptors

Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors connect to ____ muscles and are responsible for voluntary movement

Parasympathetic action = increased ____ activity

Which "gets your juices flowin'," cholinergic or anticholinergic?

Pharmokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

ADMET

Half life

Half life depends on both ____ and ____

T1/2 = ____

The Blood Brain Barrier

Aside from the BBB, ___ cells also serve as a barrier

___ and ___ are hydrophobic and pass the blood brain barrier

___ and ___ become polar and attract water due to hydrogen bonding and cannot pass the BBB

A ___ charge attracts more water and ____ lipid solubility

The change in charges in the BBB causes a change in ___ as well

The ease at which a drug passes the ____ BBB impacts their psychoactive effectiveness

____ is the primary energy source for the brain

Why does heroin feel more potent than morphine?

Define Ligand

Ligand gated ion channel

The function of G-protein coupled receptors

Define agonist

Define antagonist

Partial Agonist definition

Inverse agonist

Define partial inverse agonist

What % of people with depression receive treatment?

Of those with depression that get treatment, ___ receive inadequate treatment

Of those with depression, less than ___ receive adequate treatment

Risk of depression is ____ in women

Risk of depression is ___ in first degree relatives

Of those with depression, ___ will respond and recover

Of those with depression, ___ of non-responders will respond to ECS therapy

Of those with depression, ___ will not respond to any treatment

Norepinephrine is synthesized from amino acid ____

Function of tyrosine hydroxylase

Function of DOPA decarboxylase

Function of dopamine beta- hydroxylase

Locus Coeruleus neurons project to the ____

Antidepressants elevate ___ and ___ levels

Antidepressants have a ___ week lag time for clinical improvement

Changes in receptor levels in depression appear to correlate with changes in ____

TCA stands for...

TCA antimuscarinic effects include:

TCA cardiovascular effects include:

TCA use should be limited in patients with:

TCA ____ vary widely, and may contribute to variability in effectiveness

Trazadone blocks ___ adrenergic receptors and ___ receptors

Trazadone side effects include:

Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) is a ___ and ___ reuptake inhibitor

Bupropion is as effective as ___ and ___ in treatment of depression

Bupropion is ineffective in treatment of ___

___ Reported to be effective in promoting smoking cessation

Adverse effects of bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban)

Dopamine activity can exacerbate psychosis in schizophrenia on this specific drug:

Bupropion is the generic name for:

Due to their half lives, how many doses of SSRIs are needed per day?

Long half life of norfluoxetine suggests a delay of ____ is required after stopping use before starting MAO inhibitor

Gastrointestinal side effects of SSRIs

CNS side effects of SSRIs

Endocrine effects in SSRIs

Symptoms of serotonergic syndrome

____ have serious, even potentially fatal interaction with MAO inhibitors

Elderly metabolize ___ more slowly

Avoid use of this drug class during pregnancy

This class of drug has been known to activate mania

MAOI inhibits the activity of ___

There are ___ isoforms of MAO

MAOA metabolises ____ and ___

MAOB metabolizes ____

Most MAO inhibitors are irreversible except ____

Tyramine is a naturally occurring amine found in:

Tyramine is oxidized by ___

If tyramine is not metabolized, it can cause:

Lithium may be less effective in treating patients with _____

In patients with rapid cycling, ___ and ___ may be more effective than lithium

____ may act by blocking inositol 1-phosphate in neurons with subsequent interruption of the 2nd messenger system

____ reduces neuron responsiveness to muscarinic, alpha adrenergic, cholinergic, etc stimuli

It is postulated that ___ stabilizes catecholamine receptors and may increase GABA activity

Li+ has a ____ therapeutic index

____ levels should be monitored every 2-3 days at first, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly, then quarterly

____ treatment should be interrupted if patients exhibit fever, vomiting, or diarrhea

___ treatment should be discontinued if patients will undergo surgery, have heart failure, or receive diuretics

Lithium is safe for pregnancy after the ___ trimester

Gastrointestinal side effects of lithium

CNS side effects of lithium

Cardiovascular side effects of lithium

Lithium impacts on kidneys:

Lithium impacts on endocrine system

Dermatological impacts from lithium

Hematologic impacts of lithium

What are lithium toxicity levels?

What are symptoms of mild to moderate lithium toxicity?

Li overdose treatments:

Which anticonvulsants exhibit some utility in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

How does Tegretol work for bipolar?

Indications for Tegretol

Mechanism of Tegretol

Tegretol is not recommended in pregnancy due to risk of

Tegretol side effects are reduced by:

Gastrointestinal side effects of Tegretol

CNS side effects of Tegretol

You can use ___ either alone or with lithium to treat BD and schizoaffective

Depakote is more effective than ___ in rapid cycling

____ may be effective in treating depression compared to Tegretol or Li

Pharmacodynamics of depakote

Dosing of Depakote

Pharmacokinetics of depakote

What's the word on depakote and pregnancy?

Side effects of depakote

Pharmacodynamics of Lamictal

____ has a weak inhibitory effect on 5HT3 receptors

Most common side effects of Lamictal

Indications of (gabapentin) neurontin

Gabapentin is chemically related to ____, but does not act as ____ receptors. In fact, it may inhibits the reuptake of ___

Side effects of gabapentin

Mechanism of topamax

Adverse effects of Topamax