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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rock
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a consolidated mixture of minerals
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Igneous Rock
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A rock formed by the crystallization of molten magma
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Sedimentary Rock
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Rock formed from the weathered products of preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited, compacted and cemented
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Metamorphic Rock
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Rock formed by the alteration of preexisting rock deep within Earth (but still in the solid state) by heat, pressure, and or chemically active fluids
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Rock Cycle
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A model that illustrates the orgin of the three basic rock types and the interrelatedness of Earth materials and processes
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Magma
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A body of molten rock found at depth including any dissolved gases and crystals
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Lava
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Magma that reaches Earth's surface
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Weathering
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The disintegration and decomposition of rock at or near Earth's surface
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Sediments
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Loose particles created by the weathering and erosion of rock, by chemical precipitation
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Intrusive Igneous Rock
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Igneous rock that forms below Earth's surface
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Extrusive Igneous Rock
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Igneous rock that forms on Earth's surface
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Erosion
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the incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, such as water, wind or ice
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Deposition
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The process by which an agent of erosion loses energy and drops the sediment it is carrying
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Compaction
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Process by which sediments are squeezed together by the weight of overlaying materials driving out water
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Cementatiton
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Solidification of sediments by the depostion of dissolved minerals in the tiny spaces bewtween the sedimentary particles
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Contact Metamorphism
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Changes in rock caused by the heat fro ma nearby magma body
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Regional Metamorphism
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Metamorphism associated with large-scale ,mountain-building processes
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Viscosity
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A measure of a fluids's resistance to flow
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Pyroclastic Material
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The volcanic rock ejected during an eruption, incuding ash, bombs, and blocks
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Volcano
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A mountain formed of lava and pyroclastic material
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Shield Volcano
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A broad, gently sloping volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas
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Composite Cone
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A volcano of both lava flows and pyroclastic material
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Cinder Cone
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A small volcanic built primarily of pryoclastic materil ejected from a single vent
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Relative Dating
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Process by which rocks are placed in their proper sequence or order; Only the chronological order of events is determined, not the absolute age in years
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Law of Superposition
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A law that states that in any indeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the layers above and younger than the layers below
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Principle of Original Horizontality
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A principle of relative dating; layers of sediments are generally deposited in horizontal or nearly horizontal position
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Fossil
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The remains or traces of an organism preserved from the geologic past
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Index Fossil
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A fossil that is associated with a particular span of geologic time
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Radioactivity
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The spontaneous decay of certain unstable atomic nuclei
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Half Life
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The time required for one half of the atoms of a radioactive substance to decay
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