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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Occlusion of the small penetrating arteries deep within the brain |
Lacunar Stroke |
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WATERSHED STROKE |
Ischemic stroke that occurs at the junction of distal field of two non anastomosing arterial system |
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ACA syndrome |
Contralateral hemiparesis of lower limbs ,urinary incontinence and apraxia |
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MCA syndrome |
Contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss in the face and arms.Aphasia can occur depending upon the side |
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Cerebellar Infarction |
Type of vertebral artery syndrome.Incoordination, ataxia, and dysarthia |
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Locked -in syndrome |
Type of vertebral artey syndrome. Infarct of upper central pons.quadriphlegia with preserved consciousness |
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PCA occlusion |
Hemianopia and macular sparing |
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Amyloid Angiopathy |
Accumulation of abnormal proteins in cerebral arteries.Leads to narrowing and ischemia,then weakness and ICH.Definitive diagnosis needs brain tissue sample |
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Transthoracic Echocardiogram |
Done on all stroke patients.Good for showing abnormalities such as dyskinetic wall segment |
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Brain Requirements |
20percent of body's oxygen 15percent of body's cardiac output |
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Cerebral blood flow |
Normal-50-56ml/100g/min moderate ischemia(the penumbra) 20-30ml/100g/min severe ischemia and cell death 0-10ml/100g/min |
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Large vessel occlusion |
Embolic:developed elsewhere and travel to blood vessel in the brain |
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Small vessel occlusion |
Thrombotic : caused by a clot that develops in the vessel of the brain |
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Cerebral Cortex |
Gray matter on the outermost section of the cerebrum and cerebellum divided into 4lobes -frontal,parietal,occipital and temporal |
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Frontal lobe |
motor, behavioral expression,Motor sensory maps |
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Parietal lobe |
sensation,optic radiations carrying sensory input from the eyes ,language centers typically left side of brain |
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Language Centers |
Broca's: Production/expressive Wernicke's: Comprehension/receptive |
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Occipital Lobe |
Vision and interpretation of visual sensory signals |
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Dysarthia |
slurred speech ,reflecting poor motor control of yhe muscles associated with speech and language |
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Temporal lobe |
coding visual memory and processing aufitory and visual sensory input and language comprehension |
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Basal ganglia |
a group of nuclei serving as the coordinating center for several nerve tract including coordinating muscle movement |
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Glubos pallidus |
a key component of the basal ganglia instrumental in control of voluntary muscle movement |
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Limbic system |
a group of nuclei and cortical structures that encode memory and regulate autonomic nervous system and endocrine function in response to emotional situations |
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Hypothalamus |
coordinates autonomic nervous system with endocrine function,control body temperature circadian rhythmn and body water/osmolality |
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Amygdala |
Plays a crucial role in the management of stress,rage ,anxiety.Center for memory and emotions |
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Cingulate gyrus |
develop emotions and encode memory |
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Diencephalon |
between the brainstem and cerebellum |
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Thalamus |
The brain's sensory switchboard located on top of the brainstem.It directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and trabsmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
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tPA dosing |
0.9mh/kg 10percent administered over 1minute remainder over an hour Maximum dose:90mg |
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Non enhanced CT |
parenchymal brain imaging- computer processed xrays to yeild cross sectional images |
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MR spectroscopy |
a technique that investigates metabolic changes in the brain |
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FOUR score |
Eye reaction, motor function, brain stem reflexes and respiratory pattern |
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Barthel index |
self care and mobility scalr 100 is normal the lower the score , the higher the disability and dependency |
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Neurologic Assessment: Ischemic stroke |
Full NIHSS Should be performed before and after tPA 15min x 2hrs 30minx 6hrs 1hrx 24 hrsa |
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Cerebrospinal fluid is produced at a rate of |
0.3-0.4ml/min |
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A lacunar infarct is indicative of an event |
in small artery |
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The risk factot for spontaneous carotid dissection |
Connective tissue diases |
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MRI diffusion weihted imaging |
the most sensitive and specific imagingvtechnique for demonstrating acute infarction |
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anaphylaxis |
a rare but potential complication to tPA administration |
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Trauma |
the most common cause of vertebral dissection |
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Characteristic of basilar stroke |
coma, quadriparesis, ataxia, CN dysfunction, "locked -in syndrome" |
