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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sorting
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Sorting measures how similar rock sizes are. Sorting controls how a fluid moves through the dposit and total amount of intergranule fluid contained in the deposit.
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Grain Roundness
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Roundness is the degree of smoothing. Roundness tells us how long the grain has been travelling or eroded.
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Porosity
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Porosity is the amount of space between grains
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Permeability
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Permeability is how easy it is for the liquid to travel through the grains
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Sorting vs. Porosity and permeability
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As sorting becomes better porosity increases linearly, Permeability increases exponentially if the grains are small
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Grain size vs. Porosity and Permeability
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as grain size increases porosity doesn't change much, however permeability greatly increases with increasing grain size.
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Range of depositional porosity in sand? What influences?
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Doesn't change much, Porosity of a granular deposit is primarily a function of grain sorting
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Sedimentology
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Sedimentology is the scientific study of sediments and sedimentary rocks. Includes production of sediment, and the transport, deposition, & lithification of sediment
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Stratigraphy
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a branch of geology dealing with the classification, correlation, and interpretation of stratified (layered) rock.
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Sed rocks, what fraction of earth's crust
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5% of Earth's crust
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sed rocks cover what fraction of Earth's surface
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70%
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Average and maximum vertical thickness of sed rocks
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thickest around Texas and lousiana, 20km, average 1800m
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40% of exposed sed rocks are younger than what age?
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100 million
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Periods of geologic time scale were originally defined by what three types of stratigraphic events?
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1. paleontological change (extinctions) 2. Tectonic change (regional unconformitites) 3. Geochemical change (change in the environment)
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Three fundamental types of sed rocks.
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clastic- typically external to the depositional basin
Bio chemical- sources of organic matter, include plants and micro organisms, typically produce within the depostional basin. Chemical- ex. evaporites, always produced within the dpostional basin. |
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Trask Sorting Coefficient
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sqrt(D(1st quartile)/(D(3rd quartile))
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Rate horzontal plate motion
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1-100 mm.yr
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vertical motion plate rate
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.1-10 mm/yr
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Basin subsidence? How is it connect to net sediment deposition
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subsidence induce net depostion
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