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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is grain size connected to sedimentary rock name?
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Sed rocks are named after the diameter of the rocks, increasing size to decreasing size. conglomerate/ Breccia, sandstone, mudstone
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What is the difference between a conglomerate and a breccia?
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Conglomerate has rounded clasts while Breccia has angular clasts.
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What is the volume fraction of gravel in a conglomerate?
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30% gravel
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What is the fraction of mud in an arenite?
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<15% I think
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What is the grain size associated with an arenite?
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<.03mm
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What is a Wacke?
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wackes are poorly sorted sand stones
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What the definition of a Mudstone?
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Mudstone is less than 30% gravel, at least a 1:1 sand ratio.
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What are the definitions for Lithic Arenite, Feldspathic Arenite, Quartz Arenite, Arkose, Lithic Arkose, Feldspathic Litharenite, Litharenite, and Subarkose?
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JUST BE ABLE TO RECREATE THE TRIANGLE. The first three are composed of lithic grains with increasing sorting and quartz content. Arkose:
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Why is a compositional classification for sandstones useful?
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Helps us predict the diagenetic process a sandstone might undergo. also directly indicates the compositional maturity of the sediment grains
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What is the phi scale?
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2 to the power of -phi
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What are the basic size classes in the Wentworth Scale? What is the mm size break for each of these?
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Gravel, Sand Mud. Gravel<2mm=sandstone<.0625mm=mud
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What minerals can occur as clay-sized grains?
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less than .0039mm
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What is mud? Mudstone? Silt? Siltstone? Clay? Claystone? Shale? What does fissile mean?
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mud is a type of sediment with a grain size of less than .0625mm. mudstone is a rock name with mud sediment, clay is a subgroup of mud that is the sediment of claystone and shale. silt is a subgroup of mud, larger than .0039mm, sediment in siltstone
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How do clay minerals form? Why are they so common?
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product of weatheared, primarily Feldspars, but also mica pyroxene, amphibole etc.
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What is the basic mineralogic description of clay?
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primarily Feldspars, but also mica, pyroxene, amphibole. parallel sheets of Si22O5
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What is the role of surface area in clay mineralogy?
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A lot of area for chemical reactions
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How stable are clay minerals?
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very stable
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Why are clay-rich deposits common hydrocarbon source rocks?
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organic material adheres to clay
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For the Kaolin Clay Group, what is the most common mineral? What is its basic formula? What is a laterite? How is kaolinite formed? What are some uses of this mineral?
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silicates, Al2Si2O5(OH)4. common weathering product of highly leached tropical soils (laterite). Used in porcelain, medicine, coated paper, toothpaste, food additive, cosmetics.
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For the Illite Clay Group, what are the most common minerals? What is its basic formula? What minerals weather to Illite? What does the presence of Glauconite mean?
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Iron-rich member,
(K,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si, Al)4O10[(OH)2(H2O)] weathers from feldspar, and muscoovite. used in ceramics with some industrial use. |
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For the Chlorite Clay Group, what is the basic formula? What minerals weather to Chlorite?
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Pyroxene, Amphibole, & Biotite weather into chlorites,
Clinochlor (Mg-rich), Chamosite (Fe-rich), Nimite (N-rich), Pennantite (Mn-rich) |
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For the Smectitie Clay Group, what are the most common minerals? What is the basic structure? Why are these clays referred to as “swelling clays”.
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Weathers from volcanic rock, bentonite from volcanic ash. Expanding clay used in drilling mud, landfill liners, well/pond plugs.
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