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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Social inequality |
A high degree of disparity in income, wealth, power, prestige, and other resources |
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Social stratification |
The systematic ranking of different groups of people in a hierarchy of inequality |
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Caste society |
A social system in which social status is given for life/ closed for social mobility |
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Achieved status |
An individual's social position is linked to acquisition of socially valued credentials or skills |
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Ascribed status |
An individual's social position is linked to acquisition of socially valued credentials or skills |
Race, ethnicity, gender, etc |
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Food desert |
Areas that lack sources of competitively priced healthy and fresh food |
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Meritocracy |
A society in which personal success is based on talent and individual effort |
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Official poverty line |
Set by the government as the minimum amount of money needed to meet the basic needs for a family. 40 million people are below this line. |
Food costs, nationwide cost of living. |
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Global inequality |
Systematic disparities in income, wealth, health, education, access to technology, opportunity, and power among countries, communities, and households around the world. |
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Infant mortality rate |
Number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1000 live births per year |
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Total fertility rate |
Average number of children a woman in a given country will have in her lifetime if age specific fertility rates hold throughout her childbearing years |
Safe sanitation, education, technology |
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World Systems theory (Immanuel Wallerstein) |
The global capitalist economic system has long been shaped by a few powerful economic actors, who have ordered it in a way that favors their interests. |
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Core countries (WST) |
Economically advanced, technologically sophisticated, have well educated and skilled populations. |
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Peripheral countries |
Low national incomes, low levels of technological and industrial development |
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Semi peripheral countries |
Share some characteristics with both, occupying an intermediate and sometimes stabilizing position between them |
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Race |
A group sharing apparent physical traits deemed by society to be socially significant |
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Ethnicity |
Characteristics of groups associated with national origins, languages, and cultural and religious practices |
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Minorities |
Less powerful groups who are dominated by a more powerful group and, often discriminated against on the basis of characteristics deemed by the majority to be socially significant |
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Segregation |
The physical and social separation of different categories of people |
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Assimilation |
The absorption of a minority group into the dominant culture |
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Cultural pluralism |
The coexistence of different racial and ethnic groups characterized by acceptance and respect for one another's differences |
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Prejudice |
A belief about an individual or a group that is not subject to change on the basis of evidence |
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Discrimination |
The unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their membership in a group |
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Stigma |
An attribute that is deeply discredited to an individual or a group because it over shadows other attributes and merits |
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Sex |
Anatomical and other biological characteristics that differ between males and females and that originate in genetic differences |
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Gender |
Behavioural differences between males and females that are culturally based and socially learned |
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Transgender |
An umbrella term used to describe all those whose gender identity, expression, or behavior differs from their assigned sex or is outside the gender binary |
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Second shift (Arlie Russell Hothschild) |
The unpaid housework that women typically do after they come home from their paid employment |
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Gender wage gap |
Lack of negociation from women on salaries |
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Glass ceiling |
An artificial boundary that allows women to see the next occupation or salary level even as structural obstacles keep them from reaching it |
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Glass escalator |
The nearly invisible promotional boost men gain in female dominated occupations |
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Sexual harassment |
Just know what it is |
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Feminism |
The belief that social equality should exist between the sexes, as well as the social movements aimed at achieving that goal. |
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Standpoint theory (Dorothy Smith) |
A perspective that says the knowledge we create is conditioned by where we stand, or our subjective social position (walk a mile in the other persons shoes) |
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Polygamy |
Person may have more than one spouse in marriage |
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Polygyny |
Man may have multiple wives |
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Polyandry |
Woman may have multiple husbands |
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Serial monogamy |
The practice of having more than one wife or husband, but only one at a time |
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Extended family |
Social groups consisting of one or more parents, children, and other kin, often spanning several generations living in the same household |
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Nuclear family |
Social groups consisting of one or more parents and their biological, dependent children with no other kin |
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Cohabilitation |
Living in, intimate sexual relationship. |
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Child rearing |
Concerted cultivation and natural growth |
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Domestic (Family) Violence |
Physical or sexual abuse committed by one family member against another |
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Native American Off Reservation Boarding Schools |
Seen as a way to civilize and christianize |
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De facto segregation |
School segregation based on residential patterns or student choice |
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Brown vs Board of Education |
1954: Topeka Kansas rules segregation as illegal |
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White Flight |
White families start moving from mixed urban areas to large suburbs |
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School Funding |
State: 46% |
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Cherry Hill vs Camden |
Cherry Hill: mostly white, Asian Camden: mostly black, Hispanic |
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Broken Windows theory |
Urban disorder and vandalism can have a norm setting effect on crime and social behaviors |
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School to prison pipeline |
The policies and practices that push children (mostly minorities) out of schools and into prisons |
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Zero tolerance policy |
Harsh consequences for rule violations |
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College dropouts |
57% |
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