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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Team
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Interdependent collection of individuals with Shared objectives and Mutual responsibility
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Characteristics of Teams
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(1) Size
(2) Interdependence (3) Common Goal (4) Organization-based (5) Identity (6) Differentiated Roles (7) Autonomy |
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Socialization
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process of mutual adjustment that produces changes over time in the relationship between a person & a team
Includes joining, being on, & leaving team |
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Five (5) Phases of Team Membership
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(1) Investigation
(2) Socialization (3) Maintenance (4) Resocialization (5) Remembrance |
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Conflict
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within-group friction that is part of team processes
(1) Beneficial (Cognitive) (2) Competitive (Affective) |
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Beneficial Conflict
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motivation to understand other’s views & interests
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Competitive Conflict
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Vigorous defense of own position in an attempt to win over others
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Cognitive Conflict
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task-related; differences in judgment or perspectives (Beneficial)
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Affective Conflict
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emotional; arises from personal incompatibilities or disputes (Competitive)
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Team Cohesion
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degree to which members of a team feel attracted to their team & are compelled to stay in it
>>> Cohesion-performance causality not established >>> Competition harms (individual rewards); team achievement enhances (team rewards) >>> Related to groupthink |
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Surface-level Diversity
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refers to team member attributes easily detected; Demographic & organizational diversity
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Deep-level Diversity
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refers to internal attributes of team members; Psychosocial diversity
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Homogeneity
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Within-group similarity based on some characteristic; inversely related to diversity
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Trust
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Belief that even though you have no control over another person’s behavior toward you, that person will behave in a way that benefits you
Effects on performance are through mediators |
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Synergy
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“whole is more than the sum of its parts” principle
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Shared Mental Model
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cognitive processes held in common by members of a team regarding how they acquire information, analyze it, & respond to it
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Four (4) Types of Shared Knowledge in Teams
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(1) Task-specific information
(2) Task-related knowledge (3) Knowledge of teammates (4) Shared attitudes & beliefs |
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Team Member Schema
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Refers to perceptions individuals have of how a team ought to work together; focus on similarity among members
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Four (4) Types of Teams
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(1) Problem-solving
(2) Creative (3) Tactical (4) Ad hoc |
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Sundstrom’s Fourt (4) Points that Distinguish Teams
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(1) Differentiation
(2) Integration (3) Work Cycle (4) Typical Outputs |
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Virtual Teams
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Primary source of communication is through forms of electronic media.
> Dispersed geographically; & > Synchronous or asynchronous interaction > Supervisors are important |
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Tuckman’s Developmental Sequence
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(1) Forming
(2) Storming (3) Norming (4) Performing (5) Adjourning |
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Types of Team Tasks
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(1) Additive: member outputs are summed
(2) Disjunctive: group’s potential productivity dependent upon best member; require only one member to perform (3) Conjuctive: potential productivity is dependent upon worst member (4) Discretionary/Compensatory: potential productivity is varied |
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Social Loafing
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tendency to exert less effort toward completing a group-based task
Decrease loafing with: > Complex tasks > Team goals are defined clearly > Increased individual motivation |
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Process Loss
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deficits in coordination or motivation that cause a team to fail to meet potential
Actual productivity=potential - process loss |
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Group Think
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a fundamentally flawed mode of thinking that may occur in highly cohesive groups
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Group Polarization
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shifting of group’s view toward majority view; group is therefore more extreme than the mean of the group
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Risky Shift
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tendency for groups to recommend riskier courses of action than individual group members as a by-product of group discussion
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Social Facilitation
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Effect on performance when another person is present; may be positive or negative
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Three (3) Types of Team Outcomes
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(1) Performance: including quality & quantity
(2) Viability: team longevity (3) Member growth: members’ affective reactions |
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Effective Teams Are…
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> Given feedback at the team-level
> Given a rewards structure designed to reward team, not the individuals > Motivated to continue working with team members |
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Team Workflow
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(1) Pooled/additive pattern: there is a separation between each members’ activities and work completed.
(2) Sequential: workflow is unidirectional. (3) Reciprocal: workflow involves back-and-forth interaction. (4) Intensive: characterized by close working relationships. |
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The Social Relations Model
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Serves as a way to analyze team members’ interdependent ratings (i.e., perceptions) of one another
Three types of effects: (1) Perceiver effect (2) Target effect (3) Relationship effect |