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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Characteristics of Connective Tissue
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They all have cells, protein fibers and ground substance.
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Functions of Connective Tissue
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Physical Protection, Support and structural framework, Binding of structures, Storage, Transport, Immune Protection.
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Three Broad categories of Connective Tissue
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1. Connective Tissue Proper
2. Supporting Connective Tissue 3. Fluid Connective Tissue |
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Three Types of Fibers in Connective Tissue Proper
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1. Collagen fibers: Strong, flexible and resistant to stretching.
2. Elastic fibers: Allow things like skin, lungs and arteries to return to normal after being stretched. 3. Reticular fibers: Interwoven structure that is very strong and protects areas from outside damage. |
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connective tissue proper
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- those connective tissues that have a variable mixture of both connective tissue cell types and extracellular protein fibers within a vicous ground substance.
Two Types: Loose connective tissue and Dense connective tissue |
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resident cells
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-permanently contained within the connective tissue
- support, maintain and repair extracellular matrix |
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wandering cells
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- move throughout the connective tissue
- involved in immune protection |
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types of resident cells
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Fibroblast: abundant large flat cells that produce fibers and ground substance components.
Adipocytes: Fat cells. Fixed macrophages: large irregularly shaped cells that consume damaged cells or pathogens Mesenchymal: stem cells that divide to repair damages. |
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types of wandering cells (leukocytes)
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Mast cells: Small cells found near blood vessels that secrete heparin and histamine to dilate blood vessels and increase blood flow
Plasma Cells: Create antibodies. Free Microphages: migrate out of blood stream into connective tissue to consume bacteria, foreign material or damaged cells. |
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tendon
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binds muscle to bone
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ligament
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holds bone together
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fibrous
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holds the epidermis to the connective layer
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types of fibrous connective tissue
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Loose and Dense fibrous connective tissue
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Loose connective tissue
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Majority of space is occupied by ground substance. Fibers loosely arranged.
3 types: Areolar, Reticular, Adipose |
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Areolar Tissue
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Contains many fibroblast cells; lesser amounts of collagen and elastic fibers and viscous ground substance.
Location: surrounds nerves, vessels; subcutaneous layer |
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Adipose tissue
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Known as "fat" is composed of primarily adipocytes which are filled with lipids.
Located throughout the body as packing, cushioning and insulation. |
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Reticular tissue
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A meshwork of reticular fibers
found in lymph nodes, spleen, tthymus and bone marrow. |
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Dense Connective Tissue
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collagen densely packed together and dominated by fibroblast cells. lower amount of ground substance.
3 types: Regualr connective, irregular connective, elastic connective |
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Dense Regular Connective tissue
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Densely packed collagen fibers that are parallel to the direction of stress.
Makes up tendon and ligaments |
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Dense irregular connective tissue
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Densely packed collagen fibers are irregularly interwoven in all directions.
This provides strength in all directions. Found in the dermis |
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Elastic Connective Tissue
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Composed of elastic and collagen fibers arranged irregularly.
Makes up walls of arteries. |
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Supporting Connective Tissue
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Two types: bone and cartilage. These form strong durable framework for support and protection.
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Cartilage
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3 types - Hyaline, fibrocartilage and elastic. Cartilage starts as chondroblast and secretes an extracellular matrix that forms a shell called lacunae. Once shell is formed chondroblast is called chondrocyte. Cartilage is avascular and recieves nutrients and dispells waste through diffusion.
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chondroblast
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cells that form cartilage
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lacunae
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the extracellular matrix surrounding chondrocytes
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Chondrocyte
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what a chondroblast is called once the lacunae is formed.
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Hyaline Cartilage
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Clear and glossy looking made of a fine mesh of collagen fibers. Found in joints and acts as a lubricant in the joint. sheathed in pericondrium.
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Elastic cartilage
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found in your ear and nose. Very flexible elastic support structural tissue. Sheathed in pericondrium
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Fibrocartilage
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A coarse supportive connective tissue. Makes up the intervertebral discs and the miniscus (disc in your knee). Also found where tendon enters bone.
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Perichondrium
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A dense irregular connective tissue that sheaths hyaline and elastic cartilage.
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Bone
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known as Osseous connective tissue. The source of stem cells in bone marrow that is important to blood cell reproduction.
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Spongy Bone
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Located at the head of the bone and has a "spongy" appearance.
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Compact Bone
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Arranged into cylinders around Haversian/Osteonic canals through which blood vessels and nerves run though.
The matrix of the bone is deposited like a tree trunk in rings called Lamellae |
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Lamellae
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The circular rings of the bone matrix that surroung the osteonic canals.
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Osteon
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The osteonic canals and Lamellae together are called this.
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Osteocytes
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Mature bone cells that lie between each Lamellae ring.
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Canaliculi
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Canals that connect Lamellae together and allows osteocytes to communicate.
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Blood
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Fluid connective tissue that transports cells, nutrients, waste between organs and tissues. Consists of ground substance (plasma), cells (red blood cells, leukocytes, ect.) and cells fragments (platelets)
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Erythrocytes
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Red blood cells. These form the largest population in blood, transports oxygen and has no nuclei.
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Leukocytes
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White Blood Cells. These move in and out of organs/tissues, between blood and lymph. These spend most of their lives in one connective tissue.
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Platelets
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cell fragment that are vital in forming blood clots.
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Types of Leukocytes
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Neutrophils
Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes |
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Neutrophils
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Pathogen first responders. Will kill anything that does not belong in body.
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Eosinphils
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Turns pink in "eosin" stain. Contains granules of cytotoxic proteins and are important in allergy response. Will attack anything not naturally in body.
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Basophils
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Important for allergy Response. Histamine Secretors.
Soecific purpose |
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Lymphocytes
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T-Cells, natural killer cells, b-cells that make antibodies.
Specific purpose |
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Monocytes
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Phagocytic cells that eventually mature into macrophages (mega-eaters)
Will consume anything not naturally found in body. |