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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cells |
Discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke looking at Oak bark naming them cellulae. |
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Cell Theory |
Schleiden (1838) and Schwann (1839) All organisms are composed of cells Cells are the smallest living things Cells arise only from pre-existing cells |
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Cell size |
Prokaryotes (bacteria)- 1 organism= 1 cell 1 cell= 1 micrometer (um 1 um= 10-6 m Eukaryotes (all others)- 1 organism= many cells 1 cell= 10-100 um |
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Using microscopy to study cells that we cannot see |
Light Microscopy |
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Using microscopy to study cells that we cannot see |
Electron Microscopy |
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Cell membrane |
made of phospholipids proteins everything must cross enter the cell contains various transport, support and communication structures |
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Cytoplasm |
is everything between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. the "juice" is the cytosol. |
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Endomembrane system |
There is a constant flow from the nucleus to the ER, to the Golgi and then into vesicles like the lysosome for continual cell function |
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Nucleus |
the brain. Most of the DNA is stored Surrounded by a double membrane communicates with the rest of the cell through nuclear pores in the membrane. |
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
Production Smooth ER looks smooth because it lacks ribosomes Rough ER looks rough because ribosomes are attatched to the outside |
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Golgi apparatus |
packaging and shipping modifying incoming molecules and send to final destination |
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Lysosomes |
the "stomach" digest food, pathogens and old organelles as needed found only in animals |
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Mitochondria |
Power plant Breaks down food (sugar) into chemical energy Has a double membrane Contains some DNA |
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Cytoskeleton |
Network of protein fibers throughout the cell Functions for support and movement |
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3 types of cytoskeletons |
Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments |
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Chloroplasts |
Are where photosynthesis occurs Only in plant cells Have a double outer membrane |
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Central Vacuole |
90% of the cells water responsible for the turgidity of the plant surrounded by a membrane called tonoplast largest organelle |
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Cell Wall |
Made of cellulose Only found in plants Is the support for the plant combined with water in the vacuole Molecules can travel into the plants cell walls without passing the cell membrane Toxins and other wastes can be incorporated into the cell wall, lysosomes not necessary |
