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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is bronchitis? |
Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi. Can be infectious or caused by irritants. |
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Acute bronchitis |
Options secondary to upper respiratory infection. Usually viral. Caused by Bordetella pertussis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae. |
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Chronic bronchitis |
Affects about 10 to 25% of adults. Coughing up sputum daily for more than 3 months for 2 years. Most often a result of long-term smoking. Acute flare-ups occur and maybe caused by haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella Catarrhalis. |
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Bronchiolitis |
Inflammation of the bronchioles. Usually in children less than 2. Runny nose, cough, fever, wheezing, rapid breathing, respiratory distress. Respiratory syncytial virus causes up 40-80% of cases. Preferred specimen is nasal wash |
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Pneumonia |
Infection and inflammation of the lower respiratory tract |
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Symptoms of viral and atypical pneumonia |
Viral and atypical bacterial pneumonia. Usually present as an upper respiratory infection that progresses to the lungs. Non productive cough, low grade fever, fatigue and myalgia. |
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Organisms that cause atypical pneumonia |
Legionella, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydophila pneumonia. |
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Symptoms of bacterial pneumonia |
Abrupt onset of fever and chills, with production of purulent sputum. CBC shows leukocytosis with a left shift. Blood cultures may be positive. Strep pneumoniae, H. influenza, klebsiella pneumoniae. |
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For children 2 months to 5 years the most common organisms responsible for community-acquired pneumonia are? |
Viruses, H. influenza, strep pneumoniae, staph aureus |
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For school-age children and young adults less than 30 years of age community-acquired pneumonia organisms include? |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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For adults community-acquired pneumonia caused by what organism? |
Strep pneumoniae about 80% of cases |
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Hospital-acquired pneumonia are caused by what type of organism? |
Klebsiella, enterobacteriaceae, staph aureus, anaerobes, strep pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella |
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Chronic lower respiratory tract infections include what organisms? |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, fungal infections, actinomyces, nocardia |
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What are the five ways to collect specimens for lower respiratory illnesses? |
Sputum, endotracheal suction sputum, bronchoscopy , transtracheal aspirates, thoracentesis |
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What media should be used for processing lower respiratory specimens? |
BAP, chocolate, EMB |
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Processing lower respiratory specimens for influenza and RSV |
EIA, PCR. Serology testing for mycoplasma, and chlamydophila |
