Ventilation 67Th Recruit Class Josh Hall

Fireground Ventilation Defintion

Life Safety:

Increases Firefighter _______ by ________ the interior temperature and _______ visibility.

Life safety:

Reduces the chance of firefighters receiving _______ ________ when the water is applied to the fire by providing an _______ path for the _____ when water is ________

Life safety:

________ and ________ search and rescue operations by removing ______ and ______ that endanger trapped or unconscious patients.

Fire Attack and Extinguishment:

Permits firefighters to more rapidly ______ the fire and proceed with _________ when effective ventilation improves the ______ inside a burning building

when the ventilation opening is made in the upper portion of a building , a ________ effect occurs.

If the opening is made away from the fire, it may contribute to fire _____ by drawing the fire through __________ areas toward the ventilation opening.

ventilation must be closely coordinated with ______ attack

Fire spread control:

Effective ventilation:

-________ the rate of smoke layer development.

-can reduce the process of smoke layer development by ________ more smoke from the structure than the fire is producing

-reduces the rate at which fire will spread over an area by providing an ______ path for the rising heated gases

Fire spread control:

even with proper ventilation, if the fire is not __________ soon after ventilation is completed, the __________ supply of fresh air will _____ the fire and allow it to ______ and spread into attic and concealed spaces

Fire spread control:

Ventilation should occur only after _________ crews are ready to move in and attack the fire.

Reduction of Backdraft potential:

when a fire is _______ in a compartment and it does not break a window or burn through to the outside, the fire will ____ the oxygen level in the room until flaming ________ is no longer possible.

Reduction of backdraft potential:

If an ____ supply is introduced by firefighters opening doors or windows, a violent _______ occurs.

To prevent backdraft conditions from developing, carefully controlled _________ must be provided.

In most cases, the safest way to vent a building with backdraft potential is _________

Signs of a potential backdraft: (6)

Rapid extinguishment of a fire reduces damage caused by _______, ________, and ______

Timely and effective ________ helps ff extinguish interior fires ______ and more _________.

smoke may be removed from burning buildings by _________ or _______ means. Ventilation usually reduces _____ damage.

__________ ventilation involves the use of fans

when ______, ________ and ________ are removed from a burning building, the fire can be confined to a specific area.

If there are sufficient personnel on scene, effective ________ operations can be initiated outside the immediate area of the fire even while fire control operations are being conducted.

The first consideration is safety of _______ and building ______, which includes ______, _______, and ___________.

life hazards in a burning building are generally lower if the occupants are ________

If occupants were asleep when the fire developed what are the 4 possibilities that must be considered.

What are the 6 hazards from the accumulation of smoke and gases in a building?

______ of the smoke increases with the amount of suspended particles

What are the 4 attributes of smoke?

what are the 8 gases found in smoke?

Smoke is _______

In addition to the location of the fire within the building, The buildings _____, _____, and _____ must be considered in relation the the best ways to ventilate it.

In a high rise building fire and smoke can spread quickly through pipe shafts, stairways, elevator shafts, air-handling systems, and other vertical and horizontal openings. These openings contribute to a ______ effect.

when equalization of temperature occurs, the smoke and fire gases stop rising and _____ within the building.

after the stairwell of a high-rise is cleared of smoke a _____ fan should be placed ________ the door of the stairwell at ground level. ______ floors below the fire floor, an additional ___ should be placed in the occupants hallway directed into an open stairwell door, forcing air into the stairwell.

the goal is to _______ all stairwells in a high-rise.

windowless buildings usually require ________ ventilation.

______ arriving units must attempt to determine the size and extent of the fire as well as its location

opening the roof or existing roof openings for the purpose of allowing heated gases and smoke to escape to the atmosphere.

FF must understand the basic types and designs of _______

The likelihood of roof collapse is affected by a variety of factors. (5)

how do you ensure the roof is safe to operate on?

when should the ladder company leave the roof?

work with wind at _____ or _____ to provide protection while cutting the roof opening.

provide a second means of _____ for crews on the roof.

ensure the main ________ supports are not cut while creating a ventilation opening.

________ the opening to prevent personnel from falling into it

use _______, ____ ________, or other means to prevent personnel from sliding and falling off the roof.

ensure that all personnel on the roof are wearing full ____ including ______, and that they are breathing _____ air.

start power tool on the ______ to ensure operation but only saws equipped with ______ locks should be carried to the roof while still running.

make sure that the angle of the cut is not towards the _______

extend ladders at least ____ to ____ rungs above the roof line and secure the ladder.

when operating from aerial ladder platforms, the floor of the platform should be _____ with or slightly _____ roof level.

check the roof for structural integrity by ______ before stepping on it and continue _______ it throughout the operation. do not ______ on the roof.

if super heated gases do not exit the opening, ensure that _______ are punched through to enhance ventilation.

Warning signs of a roof: (4)

What is the part of the roof exposed to the weather?

types of existing roof openings

roof commonly found on commercial, industrial, and apartment buildings

flat roofs typically support _____ ______, _____ ________, _______, and other obstructions that may interfere with ventilation operations.

generally similar to construction of a floor assembly consisting of wooden, concrete, or metal bar joists covered with sheathing or decking.

may be sheets of plywood or OSB, planks butted together, or corrugated material.

what is commonly covered with a layer of insulation and a waterproofing material and then mopped with hot asphalt roofing tar?

preferred tool when cutting into a flat roof?

optimal ventilation opening for commercial roof is?

what is one way to achieve the 8x8 cut?

types of roofs (5)

most pitched-roof construction involves ______ or ________ that run from the ridge to the top of the outer wall at the eaves level.

preferred tool for sloped roofs with composition shingles?

Optimal size cut for residential roofs are?

_______ roofs can span large open areas unsupported by pillars or post.

Arched roof is constructed using _______ trusses

arched roofs should only be vented using an _______

when venting a concrete roof how should you ventilate?

Used to stop the spread of fire in a long, narrow structure.

Factors that can reduce the effectiveness of vertical ventilation. (7)

_______ conditions must always be considered when setting up horizontal ventilation.

_______ can either aid or hinder horizontal ventilation.

The side of the building the wind is striking

opposite of windward

includes the building occupants and any uninvolved rooms or portions of the building

describes the oldest type of mechanical forced ventilation techniques using fans to develop artificial circulation or enhance natural ventilation to expel smoke from a structure.

with NPV fans are placed in ______, ______ , or ______ vent openings, to exhaust the smoke, heat,, and gases from inside the building to the exterior.

NPV; the fan should be positioned to exhaust in the ______ direction as the prevailing wind.

recirculation of smoke using NPV is called _____, and it reduces ventilation efficiency.

NPV; the flow of smoke and other gases to the exit opening should be kept as _____ as possible

________ pressure is much less efficient than _____

forced ventilation technique that uses a high-volume fan to create a slightly higher pressure inside a building than that outside

as long as the pressure is ______ inside the building, the smoke within the building is forced through the _______ exit opening to the _____ pressure zone outside.

the location where the PPV is set up is called the ______ _______

PPV; once the location is selected, an _____ opening must be created _______ the entry point

PPV; The exit opening may be a ______ or ______

once the exit opening has been created a ______ is place ___ to ____ feet outside the open entry point so that the cone of air from the bow completely covers the doorway opening.

by selectively opening and closing ______ doors and ______ windows, it is possible to pressurize one room or area at a time.