Urine

Glomerular filtration is the physical method the kidney uses to sort what should be excreted from what should be kept in the bloodstream. In the first part of the process, a membrane called the filtrate membrane filters out red blood cells, large proteins, and other large plasma solutes. For example, albumin is filtered out at this point, with only a tiny amount remaining in the subsequent glomerular filtrate. Because the afferent arteriole to the glomerulus is much larger than its efferent…

These solid masses are made up of salts and minerals commonly found in urine and are due to a constant build up of substances in the kidney. Depending on the size of the stone, ranging from as small as a grain of salt to as large as a golf ball, the stone may pass out of the body during urination or may get stuck in the bladder or the urethra. When kidney stones get stuck due to their large size, they may block the flow of urine, leading to life threatening complications as well as agonizing…

The reasons this patient requires retrograde and antegrade pyelography is because there were three distinct abnormalities on IVP, which could have been responsible for the hematuria. IVP is a more sensitive for detection of small lesions of the ureter or renal pelvis. The IVP has a higher sensitivity and specificity than an abdominal plain film for the detection of stones and provides data about the degree of obstruction. The IVP can also visualize both the bladder and the upper urinary tracts.…

it'. Sometimes the symptoms of a kidney stone are not all that pronounced. I know that I have had them in the past and have not experienced any pain, they are known as silent stones. Typically there is some bleeding present that will discolor the urine, and there can also (and in most cases is) some serious problem with pain as the kidney stone moves around and tries to flush itself out of your system. The pain is associated with the tearing of the inside of your kidney as the stone makes it's…

Urinary system Objective: to distinguish key microscopic components of the renal cortex and the Meduna. Also identify the structural components of the nephron. Describing the structures of the surface across which, filtration occurs. Also, identifying the proximal tubule, distal tubule and connecting duct. Name and identify the ureter, bladder and urethra Introduction: The urinary system consists of two kidneys. The urinary system performs many functions removing waste, products from the…

One might think that it’s possible that by increasing urine production, caffeine is using more water, thus dehydrating you, and that it might do the same to a plant. Hypothetically, if caffeine is dehydrating a plant, than the plant would accumulate ABA (a plant growth regulator) and it would grow less (Davies and Tardieu et al, 1994). However, while caffeine causes more urine to be produced in humans, it doesn’t cause them chronic dehydration (Armstrong and Casa…

To be ethical, in terms of biological research and using new biological technologies, means that science should not offend any groups of people by doing something that angers them. To be ethical means to try and satisfy as many groups as possible, and to try and not anger as many groups as possible. Some advancements in biological technology are truly great, but if they are wrong, the public will oppose them and any discovery will not be taken into action. It is vital to always conduct…

‘’ I don’t like it here. I don’t stay here. I don’t know anyone around here. I just want back to my house with all my own things’’. My gran would say this on a regular basis and even though she stayed in the same house for the last five years she couldn’t remember anything. It’s amazing and scary what a difference a year can make. It’s also fascinating what it can do to a person and the people surrounding them. One day they’re so full of life and happy, the next they can’t even remember special…

Urine testing can be a useful way to reflect on an individual’s overall health status. Examining the waste products found in urine by using chemical reagent dipsticks can reveal information about the health of a patient (Mulryan, 2011, p. 234). Properly analyzing the chemical reagent dipstick can help aid in the diagnosis of an individual. According to Mulryan (2011), specific tests are found on the reagent dipstick, including, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, protein, nitrite, leukocytes,…

One kidney have about 1 million nephrons are tiny filters in the kidney. These filtering units help clean the blood of wastes and remove excess water. Waste products and excess water constitutes the urine. Ureters Each ureter, about 8 to 10 inches long, connects a kidney to the urinary bladder. Urine…