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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Objective
Describe at least three factors that influence food selection. |
1. Types of Enzymes in Digestive System
2. Imitation 3. Taste 4. Learning from Consequences of Eating See study guide. |
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Objective
Explain how each of the following affects hunger: oral factors, the stomach and intestines, and blood glucose. |
See study guide.
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Objective
Describe the effects of lesions in the lateral hypothalamus, VMH, and PVN. |
See study guide.
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Objective
Discuss the role of leptin in regulating eating behavior. |
See study guide.
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Objective
Identify the different structures of the hypothalamus that are involved in regulating appetite and describe the specific role of each one. |
See study guide.
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Objective
Give evidence to support the idea that genetics plays a role in body weight. |
See study guide.
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Objective
Explain how bulimia nervosa resembles drug addiction. |
Food deprivation followed by overeating stimulates the brain’s reinforcement areas in much the same as addictive drugs. Eating certain kinds of foods—especially sugary ones—can cause dopamine and opiatelike compounds to be released in the brain. Also, it can cause an increase in the number of dopamine receptors.
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lactose
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Sugar in milk
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lactase
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Enzyme that breaks down milk sugar (lactose)
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carnivore
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Meat eater
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herbivore
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Plant eater
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omnivore
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Those that eat both meat and pants
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conditioned taste aversion
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Classical conditioning that occurs when an individual ingests a particular food that causes negative symptoms (nausea, sickness); the individual learns to associate the food with the particular negative symptoms, and thus avoids the ingestion of the food
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sham feeding
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“Tasting without ingesting”; an animal swallows food, but everything leaks out of a tube connected to the esophagus or stomach
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vagus nerve
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Cranial nerve X; conveys information about the stretching of the stomach walls
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splanchnic nerve
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Conveys information about the nutrient contents of the stomach
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duodenum
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Part of the small intestine adjoining the stomach; it is the first digestive site that absorbs a significant amount of nutrients
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cholecystokinin (CKK)
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Hormone secreted by the small intestine that limits meal size
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insulin
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Pancreatic hormone that regulates the flow of glucose; converts glucose into glycogen and thus decreases blood glucose level; enables glucose to enter the cells (with the exception of the brain cells)
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glucagon
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Pancreatic hormone that stimulates the liver to convert some of its stored glycogen to glucose to replenish low supplies in the blood; increases blood glucose level
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leptin
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Peptide that plays an essential role in fat metabolism and body weight regulation; decreases food intake and increases metabolism rate
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arcuate nucleus
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Structure within the hypothalamus that has sets of neurons sensitive to hunger and satiety signals
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paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
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Structure that inhibits the lateral hypothalamus, an area important for eating; important for satiety
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lateral hypothalamus
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Area that has an essential role in eating; controls insulin secretion, alters taste responsiveness, and facilitates feeding in others ways
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ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
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Area essential for eating; a lesion to this area leads to overeating and weight gain
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anorexia nervosa
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Eating disorder characterized by low body weight and an obsessive fear of gaining weight
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bulimia nervosa
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Eating disorder in which the individual engages in binge eating and purging (vomiting)
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