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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
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Molecule formed from breaking off of a phosphate group for ATP; results in a large release of energy that is used for biological reactions.
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Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
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Energy-storing molecule in cells compossed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups; energy is stored in the molecules chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells.
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Alcoholic Fermentation
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Anaerobic process where cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol; carried out by many bacteria and fungi such as yeasts.
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Calvin Cycle
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Series of reactions during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis in which simple sugars are formed from carbon dioxide using ATP and hydrogen from the light-dependent reactions
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Cellular Respiration
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down food molecule to produce ATP; the three stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
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Chlorophyll
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light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protist that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green.
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Citric and Cycle
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In cellular respiration, series of chemical reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP; energizes electron carriers that pass the energized electrons onto the electron transport chain.
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Electron Transport Chain
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A series of proteins embedded in a membrane along which energized electrons are transported; as electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, energy is released.
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Glycolysis
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Is cellular respiration, series of anaerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that break down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms a net profit of two ATP molecules.
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
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Series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses MADH to form lactic acid and NAD+, which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce.
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Light-Dependent Reactions
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Phase of photosynthesis where light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP; results in the splitting of water and the release of oxygen.
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Light-Independent Reactions
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Phase of photosynthesis where energy from the light-dependent reactions is used to produce glucose and additional ATP molecules.
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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP+)
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Electron carrier molecule; when carrying excited electrons it becomes NADPH.
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Photolysis
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Reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during light-dependent reactions where two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons.
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Photosynthesis
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Process by which autotrophs, such as algae and plants, trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and use this energy to convert carbo dioxide and water into simple sugars.
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Pigments
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Molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of sunlight.
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