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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Kent v. United States
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Juveniles had the right to counsel
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In re Gault
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Extended many due process rights to juveniles
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Roper v. Simmons
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Unconstitutional for people to receive the death penalty for crimes committed under age 18
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Graham v. Florida
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Extended the logic behind Roper v. Simmons, delinquents shouldn't be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole
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Graham v. Connor
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Court establishes standard of "objective reasonableness at the moment", deadly force judged from point of view of officer at the scene
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Tennessee v. Garner
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Deadly force on unarmed or fleeing of suspect unless probable cause of serious threat
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Line functions
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functions that directly involve field operations of the police such as patrol, investigation, traffic control, juvenile crimes etc.
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Staff functions
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functions that supplement or support the lien functions
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Compstat Program
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Emphasizes precinct-level accountability for crime reduction; is a statistical tool to measure success / lack of success
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Japanese patrolling
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One hour foot patrols, have conversations that are both innocent and investigatory
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The Clearance Rate
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percentage of crimes known to police that they believe they have solved through an arrest
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What are the three major effects on law enforcement of police corruption?
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1. Suspects are left free to engage in further crime 2. morale is damaged and supervision becomes lax 3. the image of the police suffers
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What are "grass eaters"?
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Officers who accept payoffs in the routines of police work (a form of occupational crime)
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What are "meat eaters"?
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Officers who actively use their power/authority for personal gain
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Four methods used to increase civic accountability of police are:
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Internal Affairs Units, Civilian Review Boards, Civil Liability Suits, and Standards & Accreditation
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Transnational crimes occur among ____ or more countries
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3
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NCVS
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Survey of victims conducted by the US Census Bureau. Focus is on victims perspective, emphasis on how much greater the numbers are than in the UCR
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UCR
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Uniform Crime Report, summary of crimes reported by law enforcement, splits crimes into categories. Provides a useful but incomplete picture of crime statistics
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Trial courts of limited jurisdiction
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Criminal courts that deal with misdemeanors and preliminary matters in felony cases
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Trial courts of general jurisdiction
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Criminal courts with jurisdiction over all offenses, including felonies
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Appellate courts
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Courts that do not try criminal cases but hear appeals of decisions of lower courts
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Courts of last resort
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Usually state supreme courts
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Four key issues in understanding police subculture
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1. The working personality 2. police morality 3. police isolation (suspicion of and isolation from the public) 4. policing is a very stressful job
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