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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The “Ethos” of the SAR Responder |
“CGD Nine SAR responders should treat every potential victim as one of our own family members.” |
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Coast Guard Responsibility |
The Cleveland SAR Sub-Region, previously the Great Lakes SAR Region, comprises the U.S. waters of the Great Lakes, connecting rivers, and navigable waters within the boundaries of the Ninth Coast Guard District. The Cleveland SAR Sub-Region is synonymous with the Ninth Coast Guard District. |
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Air Force Responsibility |
The Air Force Rescue Coordination Center (AFRCC), Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, serves as the single agency responsible for coordinating on-land federal SAR activities in the 48 contiguous United States, Mexico and Canada via memorandum of understanding with each entity. The AFRCC can be contacted at (800) 851-3051, and all U. S. Coast Guard contact within the Cleveland SAR Sub-Region shall normally be accomplished via the Ninth District Command Center/RCC Cleveland. |
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Canadian Coast Guard Responsibility |
Commander, Air Transport Sector of the Canadian Armed Forces is responsible for the coordination of SAR operations within the Trenton SAR Region. The Canadian Armed Forces and U.S. Coast Guard will provide for mutual cooperation, coordination and support of SAR operations for which either nation is responsible. |
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SAR Coordinator (SC) Responsibilities |
Effectively provide search and rescue planning and oversight of search and rescue operations within the Cleveland SAR Sub-Region using available resources to render aid to persons and property in distress. |
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SAR Mission Coordinator (SMC) Responsibilities |
Effectively provide search and rescue planning of search and rescue operations within a subset of the Cleveland SAR Sub-Region using available resources to render aid to persons and property in distress. |
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On Scene Commander (OSC) Responsibilities |
The OSC should be the most capable facility available, taking into consideration SAR training, communications capabilities, and the length of time that the facility can stay in the search area. |
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Search and Rescue Unit (SRU) Responsibilities |
SRUs should execute SAR plans as assigned by SMCs/OSCs unless operational risk assessment or unforeseen on scene conditions suggest modifications to the plans, which should promptly be reported to SMC. |
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Risk Assessment and Management |
Risk management is a process to identify and control unacceptable safety risks. Every mission event has some level of risk and not all the risks are known. Every event requires that risks are kept within controls (safeguards) that have been designed to handle them. |
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Rescue from Electrified Water |
Under no circumstances should a rescuer enter or immerse any part of his or her body directly into the electrified waters in the CSSC. A rescuer shall not make contact with any PIW in the electrified area. |
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GAR |
Graduated Assement of Risk, used to asses risk levels.
7 Factors: Supervision Planning Crew Selection Crew Endurance Enviroment Case Complexity |
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PEACE |
A method of assessing risks
5 elements to consider Planning Event complexity Asset selection Communications Enviroment |
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STAAR |
Helps identify options
5 elements to assist in identifying options Spread Out Transfer Avoid Accept Reduce
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MACKINAW, WLBB 240’ |
Cheboygan, MI Max Speed 18 kts |
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ALDER WLB 225’ |
Duluth, MN Max Speed 15 kts |
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HOLLYHOCK WLB 225’ |
Port Huron, MI Max Speed 15 kts |
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BRISTOL BAY WTGB 140’ (barge) |
Detroit, MI Max Speed 11.5 kts |
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MOBILE BAY WTGB 140’ (barge) |
Sturgeon Bay, WI Max Speed 11.5 kts |
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NEAH BAY WTGB 140’ |
Cleveland, OH Max Speed 14.7 kts |
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BISCAYNE BAY WTGB 140' |
St. Ignace, MI Max Speed 14.7 kts |
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KATMAI BAY WTGB 140’ |
Sault Ste. Marie, MI Max Speed 14.7 kts |
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BUCKTHORN WLI 100’ |
Sault Ste. Marie, MI Max Speed 10.5 kts |
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CCGS SAMUEL RISLEY |
Parry Sound, Ontario |
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CCGS GRIFFON |
Prescott, Ontario |
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CC-130 Hercules (CAN) |
Trenton, Ontario Winnipeg, Manitoba |
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CH-146 Griffin |
Trenton, Ontario |
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Diver’s Alert Network (DAN): |
DAN provides 24-hour emergency assistance in the treatment of underwater diving accidents over the phone at (919) 684-8111. DAN will assist with diagnosis and initial treatment of an injured diver and can provide a referral to an appropriate decompression chamber. |
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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): |
Through the Mission Coordination Center (USMCC), NOAA provides ELT, PLB and EPIRB information directly to Ninth District Rescue coordination Center. |
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Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): |
The FAA possesses numerous radar sites and points of contact to locate missing, overdue, and disoriented aircraft. |
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Operations System Center (OSC), Martinsburg, WV: |
OSC maintains a database for the following systems: SAROPS, AMVER, SAROPS, and MISLE |
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Federal Communications Commission (FCC): |
The FCC is able to set up a VHF DF net that can pinpoint distress calls. This includes mobile gear that can prove valuable in isolated areas. |
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Initial SAR Action |
Initial action to a possible distress shall commence as soon as the nature of distress and general position of the emergency are known. |
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Active Search Suspended (ACTSUS) Authority: |
The Ninth District Commander as SAR Coordinator (SC) retains oversight authority over all SAR activity occurring in the Cleveland SAR Sub-Region. |
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Sector Commanders within the Ninth District are only authorized ACTSUS for uncorrelated (UNCOR) mayday/distress cases in the following situations: |
Uncorrelated mayday/distress calls where the search area has been determined to be unreasonable by SMC, using corrected sweep width calculations for the visual conditions forecasted within the search area.
Uncorrelated mayday/distress calls designated a probable hoax.
Electronic S-O-S transmissions and automated voice MAYDAY broadcasts. |
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Next of Kin (NOK) Notification |
Whenever the Coast Guard is the lead agency (SMC), and locates a deceased victim or suspends search efforts for a confirmed victim, a Coast Guard official, preferably from the sector command cadre, will conduct NOK notification. |
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A number of factors must be considered when planning the level of effort to apply to searching through the night and during periods of reduced visibility, including: |
Search units and sensors available
Crew rest and search unit refit.
Urgency of response.
Known persons in the water.
Keeping a search unit in the area during night and reduced visibility is also important for survivor confidence. |
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Probability of Survival Decision Aid (PSDA) |
SAR personnel should, under most circumstances, use assumptions that give a conservative (i.e. longer) survival time estimate when using the Probability of Survival Decision Aid (PSDA), in order to avoid suspending the search before the victim might actually expire. |
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Self-Locating Datum Marker Buoy (SLDMB): |
The Coast Guard SLDMB is designed to accurately track the upper one meter (three feet) of lake or ocean surface currents.
When SMC calls for use of a SLDMB, a Search and Rescue Unit (SRU) deploys the buoy, and it commences transmitting position information via satellite to a data server at the Coast Guard Operations Systems Center (OSC). http://sldmb.osc.uscg.mil
As a reminder, due to the large size of the SLDMB relative to the MH-65, SMC must pecifically request, prior to launch, that the MH-65 carry this equipment. |
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Heavy Weather Plan
Cutter Lake SAR Standby |
Although SC or SMCs may request available cutter capability for SAR response at any time of the year, prevalent heavy weather, existence of ice, or possible non-availability of standard boat capability from late fall until spring necessitates that cutters be designated for SAR Standby during this period. |
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Heavy Weather Plan
Schedule |
From November 1st to April 1st, CGD Nine (dpw-2) shall assign cutters to Lake SAR Standby for Lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior. CGD Nine(dpw-2) will not normally assign SAR Standby for Lake Superior during the closed navigation season, nor for Lake Ontario. |
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Heavy Weather Plan
Upgrading Readiness |
All command centers within CGD Nine shall continuously monitor forecasted weather conditions for indicators such as sustained gale force or greater winds (winds > 34 knots), the presence of ice or icing conditions, and stations’ ability to respond. |
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Heavy Weather Plan
Boundries |
Located in Cleveland SAR Plan Page 3-8
SSM is designated as a safe area for Superior and Huron. Straits of Mackinac/St. Ignance is a dual coverage area for Huron and Michigan. Lake St Clair is dual coverage area for Huron and Erie. |
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Inland SAR |
The Air Force Rescue Coordination Center (AFRCC), (800) 851-3051, is the SAR coordinator for inland SAR. |
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Refloating Grounded Vessels |
Only with the approval of the unit CO/OIC, Coast Guard units may refloat grounded boats.
• Coast Guard units or personnel are not placed in a position of jeopardy.
• The Coast Guard unit is capable of safely undertaking the refloating operation.
• The owner requests the assistance and agrees to the specific method to be used.
• There are no commercial salvage facilities available and willing to take the job.
• The hull is intact or so slightly damaged that there is no danger of it sinking once refloated.
• The boat can be refloated without causing additional damage.
• On scene weather is such that the boat will survive once refloated without capsizing or sustaining further damage. |
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Humane Assistance |
Humane assistance is the rescue of animals. These operations are not SAR and consequently shall be conducted only in ideal conditions, when the risk to personnel is negligible, and on a not-to-interfere basis with the unit’s primary mission. Units should be aware that if humane assistance is not provided, a SAR case may result if a third party becomes involved attempting to rescue the animal in distress. |
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Station AOR boundries |
Located in D9 SAR plan Section 8 |
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SRUs for Ice rescue |
Helicopters should normally be launched as a SAR resource for ice rescue, in conjunction with appropriate available surface resources in an effort to prosecute the case in a timely, safe and effective manner. Station-based surface resources may be more appropriate in cases occurring on confined, small waterways, or where prevailing weather conditions prevent the safe launch of rotary wing SRUs, a condition experienced up to 50% of the time within the D9 AOR. |
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Use of SPC-AIR for Ice |
Special Purpose Craft – Air (SPC-AIR) are long-haul conveyances designed primarily to transport ice rescue teams to the last known position of the subject in distress. SPC-AIR may also be used as conveyances to conduct searches when position uncertainty exists. Due to navigational limitations, searches using SPC-AIR should normally be constrained to the following situations:
• Trackline Single Unit Return (TSR) Search • Shoreline/Contour Search
Maximum search speed for SPC-AIR on ice is 15 knots |
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Use of SKF-ICE |
Skiff-Ice (SKF-ICE) are short-haul conveyances designed primarily to transport ice rescue teams to the last known position of the subject in distress. SKF-ICE should be used for limited searching only when no other SRUs are available or capable. |
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Use of Ice Rescue Team Searches on Foot |
Ice rescue teams are short-haul resources intended primarily to conduct rescues where the distressed subject’s last known position is reasonably certain.
Two (2) hours is considered a reasonable search endurance, no more than a four (4) hour search. |
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Sweep Width and Track Spacing
Person on or through ice Ice Thickness |
• Person on/through ice = Person in Water 4 Inches |
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Sweep Width and Track Spacing
Snowmobile Ice Thickness |
• Snowmobile/ATV = Raft 4 person 5 Inches
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Sweep Width and Track Spacing
Automobile Ice Thickness |
• Automobile = Power Boat <= 15 ft 9-12 Inches
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Sweep Width and Track Spacing
Light Truck/SUV Ice Thickness |
• Light Truck/SUV = Power Boat 20 ft 12-15 Inches
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Sweep Width and Track Spacing
Air Boat |
• Air Boat = Power Boat (select length) |
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Precedence of SAR resources for ice rescue as follows:
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• Helicopters • Station-based surface resources: • Cutters |
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Minimum Crew Requirement for ICE rescue |
An ice rescue team consists of a minimum of four persons:
One team leader Two rescuers One communications person |
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Maximum on-ice 4 hours |
Winds exceed 30 knots OR Temperature below 10 degrees OR When transiting thin ice
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Maximum on-ice 6 hours |
Winds less than 30 knots AND Temperature above 10 degrees AND When transiting solid ice |
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Brash Ice |
Brash ice is the accumulation of small ice fragments broken off from other ice formations caused by weather or vessel passage. |
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Candle Ice |
Candle ice is commonly found in late winter or early spring, and looks like many candles bundled together. This type of formation is rotting, or in the final stages of deterioration. It is porous, weak, unpredictable, and difficult to transit. |
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Clear (Plate) Ice |
Clear ice forms by long hard freezes, is usually the strongest type of ice formation (depending on ice thickness), and can be blue, green, or black (depends on the color of the water visible though the ice). Clean, smooth, plate ice is sometimes referred to as "glare ice". |
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Fast Ice |
Fast ice (also called land-fast ice, and shore-fast ice) is "fastened" to the coastline or fixed object. When fast ice detaches from shore, it becomes an ice floe. |
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Frazil Ice/Frazil Slush Ice |
These first stage ice formations start with disk-shaped crystals that form and grow suspended in the water. These crystals eventually form a thin, oily, or opaque looking film that floats to the surface. Water movement interrupts the crystals’ growth. When this happens, the crystals cannot join together to form a solid sheet of ice. |
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Hummocking |
When a broken plate or plates are forced perpendicular or near perpendicular. |
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Ice Fracture |
Any fracture in the ice (open or closed). Depending on the wind direction, the fracture could be separating. |
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Ice Floe |
Flat pieces of ice, 10 feet in diameter or larger. Can consist of one or many combined fragments of ice. |
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Layered Ice |
Layered ice is a combination of two or more types of ice structures. Pockets of air and porous ice layers are questionable locations for ice an anchor. |
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Lead Fracture |
Large, open crack that is too wide to transit across on foot. Usually indicates large ice floes that are moving. Rule of thumb: If you can jump over it, then it is a crack or fracture. |
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Pack Ice |
The accumulation of ice floes formed by wind, waves or current. Ice fragments are larger than those used to describe brash ice. |
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Pancake Ice |
Caused when small, loose fragments of ice (brash) repeatedly impact each other due to water movement, causing the sharp edges to round-over. |
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Polynya |
Irregular, isolated openings in the ice. Caused by the re-joining of large floes. Small openings are "ice holes". |
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Pressure Ridge |
Rows of ice piles formed by colliding wind-driven masses of plate ice. |
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Rafting |
When an ice plate rides over the top of another plate. |
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Rubble |
Large areas where prolonged pressure creates very rough terrain. Accumulation of windrows. Large areas are called "rubble fields." Like windrows, ice typically "rafts" or "hummocks." |
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Snow Ice |
Formed from the freeing of water soaked snow. It is porous and low density. |
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Heavy Weather Station |
Portage Rochester Grand Heaven |
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SSM Long Haul |
Duluth Bayfield Sault Ste Marie St Ignance |
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Sec Det Long Haul |
Saginaw St Clair Shores Marblehead |
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Sec LM Long Haul |
Sturgeon Bay |