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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
nervous system actions |
"built for speed" |
|
endocrine system actions |
uses hormones/chemical messengers |
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hormone |
chemical substances that are secreted by endocrine cells into extracellular fluids |
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target cells/organs |
tissue/organ that specific hormones act on |
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amino-acid based |
including proteins, peptides, amines |
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steroid |
made from cholesterol, include sex hormones (made by gonads), hormones made by adrenal cortex |
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prostaglandins |
made from highly active lipids released from nearly all cell membranes |
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ways that hormones are regulated in the bloodstream |
negative feedback mechanism, endocrine gland stimuli, hormonal stimuli, humoral stimuli |
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negative feedback mechanism |
chief means of regulating blood levels of most hormones |
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hormonal stimuli |
(most common stimuli) endocrine organs are prodded into action |
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humoral stimuli |
changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients, refers to ancient use of "humor", indicates blood or bile etc. |
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GH |
growth hormone |
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ACTH |
adrenocorticotropic |
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PRL |
prolactin |
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FSH |
follicle-stimulating |
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LH |
luteinizing |
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TH |
thyrotropic |
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ADH |
antidiuretic |
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anterior pituitary hormones |
ACTH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, TH |
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posterior pituitary hormones |
oxytocin, ADH |
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thyroid hormones |
calcitonin, T4, T3 |
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parathyroid hormones |
PTH |
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PTH |
parathyroid |
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adrenal hormones |
epinephrine, glucocorticoids, mineral corticoids, norepinephrine, adrogens/estrogens |
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pancreas hormones |
insulin |
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testes hormones |
androgens |
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ovaries hormones |
estrogen, progesterone |
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pineal hormones |
melatonin |
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thymus hormones |
thymosin |
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The _________ hangs by a stack from the inferior of the _________. |
pituitary, hypothalamus |
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Without iodine, functional _________ can't be made. |
hormones |
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cretinism |
hyposecretion of thyroxine, could indicate a lack of stimulation by TSH, could result in dwarfism |
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symptoms of hypothyroidism |
slowed metabolism, obesity, diminished thought processes |
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symptoms of hyperthyroidism |
loses weight, bones weaken, body muscles (ex.: heart) atrophy, excessive metabolic rate, body catabolizes stored fats and tissue proteins |
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insulin in the body |
acts on most body cells, increases their ability to transport glucose across plasma membranes |
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diabetes mellitus |
blood levels of glucose rise too high, kidney tubule cells cannot reabsorb fast enough, glucose spills into urine, when glucose flushes it takes water with it, causes dehydration |
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What is the role of melatonin in our bodies? |
helps regulate sleep schedules in our body |
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The thymus gets _________ as we age. By old age it's composed mostly of _________ _________ tissue and _____. |
smaller connective tissue, fat |
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The cycle of estrogens and progesterone released by the ovaries is controlled by _______ _______ and _______ _______. |
anterior posterior, gonadotropic hormones |
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Name ways a woman can increase the release of oxytocin in her body. |
sex, breastfeeding |
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pitocin |
synthetic oxytocin |
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testosterone |
androgen produced by the testicles |
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Hormones produced by the placenta |
estrogen, progesterone, human placental lactogen (hPL), relaxin, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) |
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What causes the changes in a woman's body associated with menopause? |
efficiency of ovaries begins to decline, reproductive organs begin to atrophy |