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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Italian Renaissance originated in Florence during the early fifteenth _______
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century
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Renaissance means _______
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rebirth
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Though magnificent sculpture and architecture were produced, ________ dominated the art of the Renaissance
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painting
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When looking at works from the early Renaissance they appear ____ and __________, but in reality it was an era of extreme stress and conflict
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calm and harmonious
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________ became the political and intellectual leader among Italian cities and was led by the ______ family
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Florence; Medici
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Designed the crowning jewel of the Florentine cityscape, called the cupola or the dome of its cathedral
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Filippo Brunelleschi
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Typical of the artistic genius of the Renaissance, Brunelleschi was a _________, ________, _____________, _____ _______, and _________
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goldsmith, sculptor, mathematician, clock builder, and architect
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He discovered a way of accurately showing _____-___________ _________ or _______ on a flat sheet of paper
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three-dimensional buildings or objects
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His greatest achievement was in ____________, where he initiated a new style of building
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architecture
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He went to ____ to study remains of ancient roman buildings and came back to Florence with his own ideas
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Rome
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Brunelleschi won a ___________ to design a mammoth dome over the cathedral
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competition
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The dome is enormous, ___ feet in diameter and rises ___ feet above the floor
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140; 300
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Brunelleschi also designed a system of ______ that eliminated the need for ramps and scaffolding
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hoists
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He used basic ________ ______ and simple __________
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geometric shapes; proportions
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Sculptors in the early part of the fifteenth century also learned many lessons from _______ ____
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Ancient Rome
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Sculptors once again began to place emphasis on ______, _______, and ___________ of the _____ ______
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beauty, harmony, and proportions of the human figure
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The 21 year old Ghiberti won the competition for the design and sculpting of the _____ _____ of the _________ __ ________
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north doors; baptistry of Florence
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The two doors took __ _____ to complete
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20 years
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The doors have __ panels that illustrate stories from the ___ _________ as well as other figures
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28; New Testament
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These doors were Ghiberti's masterpiece, later called ___ _____ __ ________
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The Gates of Paradise
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The doors are cast in ______, covered in ____
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bronze; gold
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He emerged as the greatest sculptor of his time and as one of the greatest to ever live
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Donatello
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Used the ___________ of the Greeks to suggest action and his figures seem capable of movement
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contraposto
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Many of Donatello's figures, sculpted in either bronze or marble, looked out over the _____ _____ of Florentines
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daily lives
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The statue of _____ was the first life size, freestanding nude statue since ancient times
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David
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Donatello's faces are usually very expressive, but David's face seems ____ and ______
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calm and serene
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The statue of David was designed to be viewed from ___ ______ and to stand free from any wall or niche
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all angles
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A young man named ________ painted a chapel wall in Florence and that is when Renaissance painting began
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Masaccio
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He revolutionized the art of painting when he was in his mid twenties
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Masaccio
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Studied the International style of _______ and combined visual perspective and fascination with texture
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Fabriano
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_______ _____, as fresco in the church of Santa Maria del Carmine, is one of several paintings done by the young genius before his death at the age of 27
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Tribute Money
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Tribute Money is a ___ _________ ____________ that depicts three succeeding events at the same time
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New Testament illustration
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Masaccio used _____ as never before seen in a painting. A ______ ______ of light
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light; single source
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No longer is there any indication of _________ or ________ _____
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flatness or invented light
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Fra Angelico's real name was _____ _____. He entered the ________ _____ and changed his name to Fra Angelico. Fra means ______
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Guido Piero; Dominion order; father
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He was a painter in the late ______ _________
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Gothic tradition
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Angelico was the Florentine master of __________ ________, as seen in the _________ __ ___ ____, a _____ (a painting round in shape) painted in tempera on wood
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landscape painting; Adoration of the Magi; tondo
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Perspective was of such great concern to _______ that he once made a linear diagram of a seventy-two sided polyhedron (a solid figure with many plane faces)
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Uccello
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Uccello's fascination with this scientific aspect of painting can be seen in ___ ______ __ ___ ______
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The Battle of San Romano
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This complex composition is one part of a _____ _____ ________ now in three separate museums
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three panel painting
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___ ______ __ ___ ______ is a study in pattern, contrasting values, and perspective
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The Battle of San Romano
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Uccello uses ______________ to create the feeling of the body pointing toward the viewer
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foreshortening
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Most famous for his painting, Birth of Venus (water and shell represent baptism and Venus represents humanity)
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Sandro Botticelli
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Huge painting that is an example of a sense based on ___________ _________
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traditional mythology
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Born in northern Italy, he became a polished artist by the time he was 17
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Andrea Mantegna
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He learned from the __________ artists who visited the north
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Florentine
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Showed a great interest in ___ _____ ___________
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one point perspective
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In Mantegna's painting, Dead Christ, he used extreme ______________
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foreshortening
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method of drawing or painting an object or person that is not parallel to the picture plane so that is seems to recede in space, giving the illusion of three dimensions. Parts get smaller as they recede in space
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foreshortening
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Major art influence shifted from Florence to ____ and great artists were summoned by the pope to complete splendid commissions that glorified the paper state
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Rome
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The High Renaissance lasted a very short time, about __ _____
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20 years
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Artists were now viewed as ________ rather than craftspeople
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geniuses
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Artists of the early Renaissance had relied on ________, __________ ___________, _______, and ___________ to structure their work
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formulas, scientific perspectives, ratios, and proportions
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Now, artists of the High Renaissance often disregarded those rules and let their ________ dictate their style
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feelings
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Leonardo was ahead of his time not only in painting, sculpture, and architecture, but in ___________, ________ _______, ______, _______, _______, ____________, and ______
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engineering, military science, botany, anatomy, geology, aerodynamics, and optics
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Not only was he interested in these fields, he was considered an _______ in all of them
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expert
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Although he left only a dozen or so works, Leonardo considered ________ the supreme form of art
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painting
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He painted the ______ __ ___ _____ in Milan
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Virgin of the Rocks
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The figures in the painting are drawn together in a __________ ___________
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triangular composition
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This extreme contrast of dark and light values is called ___________
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chiaroscuro
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___ ____ ______ was painted on the wall of the dining hall of the monastery of Santa Maria Della Frazier in Milan
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The Last Supper
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Shows Christ and the apostles celebrating ________
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Passover
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Leonardo also painted the world's most famous portrait, the ____ ____
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Mona Lisa
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The woman sits in a _______ ________ in front of the typical Leonardo landscape
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relaxed position
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Leonardo used _______, a slight blurring of the edges of figures and objects in a painting
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sfumato
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Was recognized by his contemporaries as "the greatest man ever known to the arts"
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Michelangelo Buonarroti
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After a short time, Michelangelo was accepted by _______ __ ______ into his school for sculptors and was treated as a son in the ______ household
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Lorenzo de Medici; Medici
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Here he studied and developed an intense interest in _____ and _____ culture
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Greek and Roman
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His earliest masterpiece, the _____, was completed in Rome
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Pieta
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Michelangelo was concerned with the _______ __________ and visual effect of the pyramidal composition rather than with exact proportions
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overall appearance
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Pieta was carved from a single block of ______
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marble
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Signed the work on the band across _____ _____
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Mary's chest
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Michelangelo's heroic _____ goes far beyond imitating nature
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David
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It's huge in size and super-human in its _______ __________
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muscular perfection
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At the age of __, Michelangelo was declared the greatest sculptor in Italy
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29
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Once finished, David was placed in the main square in front of the __________ ____ ____
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Florentine town hall
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The original work is now protected indoors at the _______ __ ________
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Academy in Florence
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When Michelangelo was 71 and in poor health, he accepted without salary the commission to finish the construction of __ _______
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St. Peter's
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Michelangelo slightly alerted the plan and _________ the exterior, _____ the rear of the church, and _________ the enormous dome which was completed after his death
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redesigned; built; redesigned
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The ____ is the largest in the world and rests on four pendentives and four huge piers inside the church
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dome
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____ ______ __ commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel
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Pope Julius II
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The spirit of the High Renaissance reached its peak in the work of _______
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Raphael
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His paintings are masterpieces of _______ and _______
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balance and harmony
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Raphael's paintings combine the sculptural quality of ____________ and the grace and feeling of ________
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Michelangelo; Leonardo
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Raphael went to ____ in 1508 at the invitation of the pope and immediately became a popular figure
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Rome
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He was _____ _______ in the Vatican until his early death at the age of 37
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court painter
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For two years, he worked on large frescos for the _______
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Vatican
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One of Raphael's subjects on the frescoed walls is ___ _______ __ ______
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The School of Athens
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Two main figures are _____ and _________, who are deep in conversation
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Plato and Aristotle
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The ____ _______ reflects the influence of Michelangelo
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Alba Madonna
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______ paintings require extremely fine balance in order to keep them from seeming to roll like a wheel
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Tondo
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Raphael used the most stable composition available, the ________
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triangle
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Raphael guides the viewer's eyes easily around the _________ ___________
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balanced composition
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After his early death at the age of __, Raphael was buried in the ________ in Rome
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37; Pantheon
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The era of the High Renaissance, which began with _________ ____ ______, now came to an end
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Leonardo's Last Supper
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After the death of Raphael, the sixteenth century saw a shift in the dominance in art from Florence and Rome to ______ in _____ _____
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Venice in northern Italy
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The artistic giant of Venice, compared to Michelangelo and Leonardo
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Titian
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He believed that _____ and ____ were more important in painting than line and scientific accuracy
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color and mood
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He often painted his figures in bright colors over a ___-_______ background, which added a warmth to the entire work
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red-painted
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After it was dry, the surface was painted with as many as ______ or _____ glazes, which unified the surface
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thirty or forty
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Titian often ignored detail in order to emphasize the color by rapid powerful ___________
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brushstrokes
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The brushstrokes created a textured surface quality that is called ________
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painterly
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The figures in Titian's portraits almost always seem to have _____-_____ _____
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super-human power
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The ____ ______ ______ was a ruthless maritime ruler
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Doge Andrea Gritti
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Titian disregards detail and uses slashing brushstrokes to characterize the ________ ________ of his subjects and the edges are ____, suggesting movement
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physical strength; soft
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