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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What organs are in the integumentary system?
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skin, hair, nails, sense receptors, sweat glands, oil glands
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epithelial membranes
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composed of one layer of epithelial tissue and specialized connective tissue underneath
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connective tissue membranes
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composed of only connective tissue (NO epithelial tissue)
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What are the 3 types of epithelial tissue membranes?
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cutaneous membrane
serous membrane mucous membrane |
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cutaneous membrane
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is the skin, composed of a superficial layer of epithelial cells and an underlying layer of connective tissue
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serous membrane
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lines body cavities and surfaces of the organs
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What is the serous membrane composed of?
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thin layer of simple squamous epithelial cells and basement membrane
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basement membrane
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thin layer of connective tissue (gluelike) which holds and supports the epithelial cells
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parietal portion
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lines the walls of body cavities
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visceral portion
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lines the surfaces of organs found in body cavities
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pleura
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serous membranes in the thoracic cavity
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peritoneum
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serous membranes in the abdominal cavity
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pleurisy
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inflammation of the serous membrane in the thoracic cavity
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peritonitis
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inflammation of the serous membrane in the abdominal cavity
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mucous membrane
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epithelial cell and fibrous or connective tissue layer lining the body surfaces opening directly to the exterior
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mucus
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produced by the mucous membrane which is thick, slimy material
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What is the difference between mucous and mucus?
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MUCOUS = membrane
MUCUS = secretion |
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lamina propria
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fibrous connective tissue underlying the epithelium in mucous membranes
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mucocutaneous junction
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transitional area that serve as a point of "fusion" where skin and mucous membranes
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synovial membrane
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lining the joint capsules that surround and attach the ends of articulating bones
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synovial fluid
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thick, colorless lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membranes
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bursae
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small cushion like sacs in the joints(movable parts)
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sebaceous glands
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oil producing glands
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epidermis
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outer most layer of the skin made up of stratified epithelium
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dermis
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deeper layer of the dermis and epidermis, thicker and made mostly of connective tissue
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subcutaneous tissue
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thick layer of loose connective tissue and fat lying underneath the dermis
hypodermis |
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stratum germinativum
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inner most layer of the epidermis, where the epithelial cells reproduce themselves
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keratin
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tough material that provides outer layer of skin with a horny, abrasion resistant quality
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stratum corneum
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outer layer of the epidermis
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melanin
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brown pigment of the skin
protects against UV light |
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melanocytes
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produces melanin
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cyanosis
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blue - gray color caused by low oxygen level or decreased blood flow
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dermal - epidermis junction
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thin epidermal layer of skin above and the dermal layer
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What is the structure which gives a person fingerprints and footprints?
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dermal papillae
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dermal papillae
What is its role? |
nibble like bumps that project upward from the dermis to epidermis
stabilize junction and fingerprints |
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blisters
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result of the dermal-epidermal junction being destroyed
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The mechanical strength of the skin lies in the ______?
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dermis
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papillary layer
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superior layer of the dermis made up of the dermal papillae
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reticular layer
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underneath the papillary layer of the dermis, made up of collagen and elastic fibers giving the skin "toughness" and elasticity
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What causes wrinkles?
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as one ages the elastic fibers in the dermis decreases
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What structures could be found in the dermis?
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nerve endings, Meissiner's corpuscle, muscle fibers, hair follicles, sweat glands. sebaceous glands, blood vessels
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What connects the skin and underlying structures?
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subcutaneous tissue
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Insulin is injected to the _____ layer?
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subcutaneous
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Intradermal Injections are injected to the _____ layer?
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Inside the dermal layer of the skin
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hair follicle
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pocket like structure from which a hair grows from
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lanugo
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extremely fine, soft hair found on a newborn
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Hair growth begins with....?
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cells of the epidermal layer of the skin grow down into the dermis forming a hair follicle
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hair papillae
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cells which cluster and begin hair growth
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hair root
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part of the hair lying with in the follicle
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hair shaft
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visible portion of the hair
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arrector pili
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smooth involuntary muscle when flexed causes goosebumps around the hair fllicle
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Meissner's corpuscle
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senses light tough in the dermis
tactile corpuscle |
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Pacini's corpuscle
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sense deep pressure in the subcutaneous tissue
lamellar corpuscle |
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Tactile corpuscle
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senses light tough in the dermis
Meissner's corpuscle |
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lamellar corpuscle
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sense deep pressure in the subcutaneous tissue
Pacini's corpuscle |
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free nerve endings
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respond to pain
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bulboid corpuscles
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detect low-frequency vibration
Krause end bulbs |
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Krause End Bulbs
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detect low-frequency vibration
bulboid corpuscles |
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How are nails formed?
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when epidermal cells over the terminal ends of the fingers/toes fill with keratin and become hard/ platelike
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nail body
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visible portion of the nail
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nail root
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portion of the nail that is not visible
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cuticle
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fold of skin which hides the nail root
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lunula
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crescent shaped white area near the nail root
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nail bed
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layer of epithelium under the nail
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Another name for sweat glands?
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sudoriferous glands
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What are the two types of sudoriferous glands?
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eccrine sweat glands
apocrine sweat glands |
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eccrine sweat glands
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small glands which produce perspiration or sweat
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apocrine sweat glands
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larger glands which are in the axillary and genital area of the body which produce a thicker secretion than perspiration
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What causes the odor of the secretion of the apocrine gland?
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contamination and decomposition of the secretion by the skin bacteria
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Which are more numerous in the body, eccrine sweat glands or apocrine sweat glands?
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eccrine sweat glands
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sebaceous glands
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secrete oil for the hair and skin
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sebum
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secreted by sebaceous glands to lubricate hair and skin
"nature's skin cream" |
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blackhead
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sebum in ducts of sebaceous glands after becoming white pimples then being exposed to air
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What are the 3 most common types of skin cancer?
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cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma malignant melanoma |
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cell carcinoma
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slow growing cancer seen as hard, raise nodule
malignant tumor of the epidermis |
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basal cell carcinoma
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seen mostly in the upper face as a raised center, originates at base of the epidermis
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malignant melanoma
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seen as dark spreading cancerous lesion, caused UV light, dangerous
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What is the most common type of skin cancer?
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basal cell carcinoma
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What is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?
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malignant melanoma
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Kaposi sarcoma
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rare form of skin cancer associated with AIDS and other immune deficiencies
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What are the functions of the skin? (5)
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protection
temperature regulation excretion synthesis of vitamin D |
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When does synthesis of Vitamin D occur?
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When skin is exposed to UV light.
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What is the most serious and frequent problem to affect the skin?
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burns
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How is the total area and severity calculated with a burn?
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rule of nines
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Rule of Nines
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Calculates total area and severity calculated with a burn by dividing the body into 11 sections and assigning them "9%", genitals is 1%
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What's worst first degree burn or third degree burn?
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Third Degree Burn
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Third Degree Burn
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burn resulting in the complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis
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Second Degree Burn
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burn resulting in the destruction of the epidermis and damage to the dermis
(does NOT have complete dermis destruction) |
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First Degree Burn
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burn resulting in the damage to the epidermis
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What are the signs of First Degree Burn?
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minor discomfort and reddening to the skin
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What are the signs of Second Degree Burn?
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blisters, swelling, severe pain, and fluid loss
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Which burn is insensitive to pain immediately after the burn?
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Third Degree Burn / Full thickness Burn
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Full Thickness Burn
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burn resulting in the complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis
Third Degree Burn |
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Partial Thickness Burn
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Burn resulting in damage to epidermis and/or dermis,
does NOT have full dermis destruction First or Second Burn |
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What is the newest method of expressing classification of burns?
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Partial Thickness Burn
Full Thickness Burn |
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Thin, sheetlike structures that cover and protect the body surface are called ____?
(EVOLVE) |
membranes
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The two major types of body membranes are ____?
(EVOLVE) |
epithelial and connective tissue
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Inflammation of the serous membrane in the abdominal cavity is called _____?
(EVOLVE) |
peritonitis
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The serous membranes in the thoracic cavity are called _____?
(EVOLVE) |
pleurae
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Epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior are ______?
(EVOLVE) |
mucous membranes
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The skin is composed of the following layers of tissue.
A) epidermis and subcutaneous B) epidermis and dermis C) dermis and subcutaneous D) hypodermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous (EVOLVE) |
B) epidermis and dermis
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A tough, waterproof material that protects the outer layer of the skin is
(EVOLVE) |
keratin
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The basic determinant of skin color is ______?
(EVOLVE) |
melanin
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The junction that exists between the thin epidermal layer of the skin and the dermal layer is called the ______?
(EVOLVE) |
dermal-epidermal junction
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The upper region of the dermis is characterized by parallel rows of tiny bumps called ______?
(EVOLVE) |
dermal papillae
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The hair of a newborn infant is soft and fine and is called _____?
(EVOLVE) |
lanugo
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Sweat glands can be classified as _____ and _____?
(EVOLVE) |
eccrine and apocrine
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The following are functions of the skin except
A) protection. B) sense organ activity. C) temperature regulation. D) secretion. (EVOLVE) |
B) sense organ activity.
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The secretion from hair follicles that helps lubricate the hair and skin is
(EVOLVE) |
sebum
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One of the most frequently used methods of determining the extent of a burn injury is _____?
(EVOLVE) |
the “rule of nines.”
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