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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What are the 3 main components of the axial skeleton? |
the skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. |
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The skull is composed of 2 sets of bones. What are they? |
cranial and facial bones |
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How many cranial bones are there? |
8 |
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How many facial bones are there? |
14 |
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What are the cranial vault (calvaria) bones of the human skull? |
frontal, parietal, and temporal bones |
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What are the cranial floor (base) bones of the human skull? |
anterior cranial fossae, middle cranial fuss, posterior cranial fuss, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid |
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What are the two major areas of the cranium? |
cranial vault (calvaria) and cranial base |
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___________ forms the superior, lateral and posterior walls of the skull. |
The cranial vault, or calvaria |
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___________ forms the skull bottom. |
The cranial base |
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_______ forms the forehead, superior part of the orbit, and the floor of the anterior cranial fossae. |
Frontal bone |
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________ forms the superior and lateral aspects of the skull. |
Parietal bone |
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__________ forms the inferolateral ( both inferior and lateral...below and to one side) of the skull and contribute to the middle cranial fossa. |
Temporal bone |
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_______ forms the posterior aspect and most of the base of the skull. |
Occipital bone |
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Bat-shaped bone that is described as the keystone bone of the cranium because it articulates with all other cranial bones. |
Sphenoid bones |
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Contribues to the anterior cranial fossa; forms part of the nasal septum and the nasal cavity; contributes to the medial wall of the orbit. |
Ethmoid bones |
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Where are the 4 largest sutures of the skull located? |
Where the parietal bones articulate (form a joint) with each other and where the parietal bones articulate with other cranial bones |
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Occurs where the left and right parietal bones meet superiorly in the midline of the cranium |
Sagittal suture |
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Running in the frontal plane, occurs anteriorly where the parietal bones meet the frontal bone |
Coronal suture |
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Occurs where each parietal bone meets the temporal bone, on each lateral aspect of the skull |
Squamous suture |
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Occurs where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriosly |
Lambdoid suture |
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Which cranial landmark do the two supraorbital foramen (notch) belong to? |
Frontal |
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Opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass |
Supraorbital foramen |
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Which cranial landmark do these belong to? - zygomatic process, mandibular fossa, external auditory meatus, styloid process, mastoid process, and internal acoustic meatus |
Temporal |
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A bridgelike projection that articulates with the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch |
Zygomatic process |
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Located on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process; receives the condylar process of the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint |
Mandibular fossa |
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What is the landmark? |
External auditory meatus or external acoustic meatus |
Canal leading to the middle ear and eardrum |
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Needlelike projection that serves as an attachment point for ligaments and muscles of the neck |
Styloid process |
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Located posterior to the external acoustic meatus; serves as an attachment point for neck muscles |
Mastoid process |
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What is this landmark? |
Internal acoustic meatus |
OPPOSITE of external acoustic meatus |
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Which landmark do these belong to? - foramen magnum and occipital condyles |
Occipital |
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Large opening in the base of the bone, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain stem |
Foramen magnum |
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Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas) |
Occipital condyles |
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Which cranial landmark do these belong to? -greater wings, sella truck, lesser wings, and optic canals? |
Sphenoid |
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Project laterally from the sphenoid body, forming arts of the middle cranial fossa and the orbits |
Greater wings |
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Form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and part of the orbit |
Lesser wings |
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"Turkish saddle" located on the s superior surface of the body; the seat of the saddle, called the hypophyseal fossa, holds the pituitary gland |
Sella turcica |
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Openings in the base of the lesser wings, cranial nerve II (optic nerve) passes through to serve the eye |
Optic canals |
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Which cranial landmark do these belong to? - superior and middle nasal conchae (turbinates) |
Ethmoid |
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Extend medially from the lateral masses; act as turbinates to improve airflow through the nasal cavity |
Superior and middle nasal conchae (turbinates) |
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Of the 14 bones composing the face, how many are paired? |
12 |
Less than 15 but more than 10 |
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Of the 14 facial bones, only the ________ and _______ are single bones. |
mandible, vomer |
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Which facial bone landmarks do these belong to? - body, rams, mandibular condyle, coronoid process, mental foramen, mandibular foramen, and mandibular symphysis? |
Mandible |
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Horizontal portion that forms the chin |
Body |
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Vertical extension of the body |
Ramus |
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Which landmark of the mandible is this? |
Mandibular condyle |
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"Crown-shaped" portion of the rams for muscle attachment |
Coronoid processes |
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Paired openings on the body (lateral to the midline); transmit blood vessels and nerves to the lower lip and skin of the chin |
Mental foramen |
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Located on the medial surface of each ramus; passageway for the nerved involved in tooth sensation. (Dentists inject anesthetic into this foramen before working on the lower teeth.) |
Mandibular foramen |
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Which landmark of the mandible is this? |
Mandibular symphysis |
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Which facial bone landmark does the infraorbital foramen belong to? |
Maxilla |
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Opening under the orbit that forms a passageway for the infraorbital artery and nerve |
Infraorbital foramen |
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Forms the posterior hard palate, a small part of the nasal cavity, and part of the orbit |
palatine bone |
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Commonly called the cheekbones; each for part of the lateral orbit |
Zygomatic bones |
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Each forms part of the medial orbit in between the maxilla and ethmoid bone |
Lacrimal bones |
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Small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose |
Nasal bones |
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Thin, blade-shaped bone that forms the inferior nasal septum |
Vomer |
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Interior turbinate; each forms part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities; improves the airflow through the nasal cavity |
Interior nasal conchae |
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What bone is located in the throat above the larynx and serves as a point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles? |
Hyoid bone |
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What are the landmarks of hyoid bone? |
greater horn, lesser horn, and body |
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What are the 4 skull bones of paranasal sinuses? |
maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal |
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What features do all vertebrae have in common? |
Body (centrum), vertebral arch, vertebral (spinal) foramen, transverse processes, spinous process, superior and inferior articular process, and intervertebral foramina |
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The vertebral column is divided into ___ sections with ___ composite bones. |
3,2 |
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What portion of the vertebral column do the 7 cervical vertebrae form? |
the neck portion |
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What are the first two cervical vertebrae that are highly modified to perform special functions? |
atlas and axis |
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The ___ (C1) lacks a body; enables you to nod "yes" |
atlas |
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The ___ (C2) acts as pivot (central point or pin) for the rotation of the atlas (and the skull) above. |
axis |
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The axis of the cervical vertebrae bears a large vertical process called the _____ that serves as the pivot point. |
dens |
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What function of the body does the articulation between C1 and C2 provide? |
It allows you to rotate your head from side to side to indicate "no" |
It does the opposite of allowing you to nod your head "yes". |
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How many cervical vertebrae are there? |
7 |
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How many thoracic vertebrae are there? |
12 |
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The thoracic vertebrae are characterized by... |
long, sharp spinous processes and rib facets |
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How many lumbar vertebrae are there? |
5 |
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The lumbar vertebrae are characterized by.... |
short, blunt spinous process and a large body |
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The _____ is a composite bone formed from the fusion of 5 vertebrae. |
sacrum |
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The ______ is a composite bone formed from the fusion of _ - _ small irregularly shaped vertebrae. |
coccyx, 3-5 |
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What are the abnormal spinal curvatures? |
scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis |
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What does the thoracic cage do? |
The thoracic cage encloses and protects the heart and lungs. |
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What does the thoracic cage consist of? |
The thoracic cage consists of the bony thorax, which is composed of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae, plus the costal cartilage. |
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What does a sternum consist of? |
jugular notch, manubrium, sternal angle, body, typhoid process |
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How many pairs of ribs are there? |
12 |
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What do the ribs consist of? |
true ribs (1-7), false ribs (8-12), and floating ribs (11 & 12) |
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What does the skull consist of? |
fontanelles, frontal bone, occipital bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, frontal suture. |
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Skull bones are incompletely formed at birth and connected by fibrous membranes called _______________. |
fontanelles |
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What is the function of the fontanelles? |
The fontanelles allow the fetal skull to be compressed slightly during birth and also allow for brain growth in the fetus and infant. They ossify (become bone) as the infant ages. |
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What are the landmarks of fontanelles? |
anterior, posterior, sphenoidal, and mastoid |
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The fetal skeleton is composed of ______ bones, while an adult skeleton has _____ bones. |
275, 206 |
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Why does a fetal skeleton have less number bones than an adult skeleton? |
Because some bones have not yet fused together in a fetus |
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