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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nutrition As a Physiological Need
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-BHN throughout likfe cycle and along the wellness-illness continuum
-Study of nutrients -specific biochemical substances used by the body "amino acids" -metabolism-BMR -vital to life and health -important component of nursing |
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6 Categories of Nutrients
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* Macronutrients
-supply energy -build tissue 1) Carbohydrates (CHO) 2) Proteins (PRO) 3) Lipids (FATS) |
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MACROnutrients
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-supply energy
-build tissue 1)Carbohydrates (CHO) 2)Proteins (PRO) 3)Lipids (FATS) 4)Vitamins 5)Minerals 6)Water (H2O) |
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MICROnutrients
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-regulate body processes
1)Vitamins 2)Minerals 3)Water (H2O) |
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Essential Nutrients
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-body cannot synthesize or make in sufficient amounts
-must be supplied in diet or as a supplement EX: Amino Acids, water soluble vitamins |
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Nonessential Nutrients
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-synthesized in adequate amounts
-not required for body functioning EX: cholesterol |
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End products of Carbohydrates (CHO)
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*Carbohydrates (CHO)
-sugars and starches -organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen -plant origin ex: lactose only animal source -most abundant least expensive source of caleries (4 cal/gram) -recommended 50g-100g to prevent ketosis |
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Carbohydrates: How many calories per gram?
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4 cal/gram
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Proteins: How many calories per gram?
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4 cal/gram
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Lipids: How many calories per gram?
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9 cal/gram
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Carbohydrates classified as:
(4) |
-Monosaccharides
-Disaccharides -Polysaccharides -Fiber |
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Monosaccharides
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simple sugars-glucose (dextrose), fructose,galactose
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Disaccharides
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-Two sugars-sucrose,lactose,maltose
-One is glucose |
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Polysaccharides
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complex molecules that are starches, glycogen, and cellulose
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Fiber
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-undigestible portion
-plants-more structure, more fiber, bulk & roughage -small intstine is where most breakdown occurs |
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Alcohol: How many calories per gram?
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7 cal/gram
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What is the correlation between Income and carb consumption?
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better income=more protein in diet and less carbs
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Carbohydrates:
Metabolism |
*90% digested
*chemical digestion= small intestine |
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Carbohydrates:
Glucose |
*sole source of energy to brain
*glucose stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue *glucose is not always sweet |
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Carbohydrates:
Functions |
1)major source of body's energy
2)slows gastric emptying 3)increases fecal bulk 4)elevates mood,increases relaxation-short term |
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Protein
made of |
*vital components of living cells
*Made of 22 amino acids-to make thousands of proteins *Include carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen *9 essential amino acids-cannot be syntesized |
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Protein:
Classification |
-complete
-Incomplete -Complimentary |
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Protein: classification
Complete |
high quality all essential amino acids we need
EX: cheese + bread= complete protein |
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Protein: classification
Incomplete |
one or more amino acids missing "plant proteins"
Ex: peanuts, beans |
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Protein: classification
complimentary |
works as a group
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