Alex Blake Geo Human - Global Develpoment

A term that measures how advanced a country is

• investment in farming - higher yield to eat and sell

• electricity grid reaches rural areas

• new roads or railways - connect remote areas with cities

• literacy rises - better job prospects

• gender equality improves

Personal wealth/income, growth of economy, types of industry, cost of living, employment rate and job security

Access to health, education, housing, recreation, food and water security

Electricity, internet access, better farm/industry machinery

Democracy, work-life balance, traditional/imported culture balance

An imbalance between food production and food consumption

They have a lack of:

•availability - of enough food all the time

• access - to enough to the right food to stay healthy

• knowledge- to make the best use of what they have

Gross national income, life expectancy, average years in education

All measures of development show averages only and may not be accurate. For example, GDP doesn’t include the cash economy

The Corruption Perceptions Index

The Corruption Perceptions Index

Size of a country, natural hazards, landlocked or not, tropical or temperate climate

Colonial links, trading relationships

Type of economy, debt, investment in health and education

Remoteness or accessibility of area, the potential for industry

Links with particular industry, impact of de-industrialisation

Employment rates and salaries, house prices, state of infrastructure

• Employment

• health

• access to housing

• education

• technology

• food and water security

Employment in developing countries is limited, with people working in lower paid, more labour-intensive jobs

Less secure and have fewer benefits

Healthcare is limited in the developing world, with fewer doctors and poor facilities

Healthcare is limited in the developing world, with fewer doctors and poor facilities

Many people around the world don’t have access to housing (30% of the world’s population live in slums)

Healthcare is limited in the developing world, with fewer doctors and poor facilities

Many people around the world don’t have access to housing (30% of the world’s population live in slums)

Literacy rates are low in the developing world, with few schools and poor attendance rates

Less investment in technology, with few people who have the skills to use it

Less investment in technology, with few people who have the skills to use it

Developing countries lack access to food and clean water resulting in malnutrition and dehydration

aid given for specific projects e.g. HEP station

his is usually a project involving local communities in education and skills for sustainable development, through organisations such as Practical Action.

These are agreements made between two or more governments to co-operate in some way

Can reduce uneven development by helping developing countries to increase trade

Deal directly with retailers in developed countries to get fairer conditions and get a better price for their goods. Fair trade makes up less that 1% of total world trade

Is when a company invests in a company in a different country, and has some control over what that company does

👍🏻 brings in investment

👍🏻 brings in big brands - widens consumer market

👍🏻 foreign companies may be able to pay more - pushes up wages

👎🏻 big brands can outsell local products

👎🏻 FDI is not always reliable - investors can pull out

👎🏻 lack of regulation can have negative implications e.g. environmental consequences and industrial accidents

Large-scale projects that aim at national-level or regional-level development. Led by government or transnational corporations

Local-scale projects that aim to benefit a village or small group of communities. Led by the community

Very expensive projects often funded by international development banks. Usually needed experts to install and maintain sophisticated technology

Is where a country voluntarily transfers resources to another country.

Very cheap compared to top-down, but usually funded by the community. This is because it usually used appropriate technology that local people can learn to operate and repair

• can access very large sums of money through investments

• provides knowledge and expertise for further projects

• can benefit thousands of people

• access to world-leading experts and latest technology

• funding may come with ‘strings attached’ e.g. remove trade barriers

• local people may not benefit e.g. if they have to move because a major new dam project will flood their village

• investment from a government or transnational corporation can lead to poorly paid employment, which reduces people’s chances of breaking the poverty cycle

Potential to invest in technologies- renewable energy

• logging and land clearance - deforestation

• increased CO2 emissions - climate change

•more chemicals used in industry/agriculture - water pollution

• desertification and deforestation- lower biodiversity

• better access to healthcare - lower infant mortality

• better jobs and income- reduced poverty

• improves community spirit from newly formed groups

• Pollution in cities - poor public health

• lack of housing - slums and shanties

• men/young people benefit most - women/older people left behind

• rise in consumerism- strong economy

• increase tourism - jobs and state income

•larger workforce

D

• cost of dealing with environmental and social problems

• cost of installing new infrastructure

• pressure and cost to provide more services

It provides vital income for many poor countries, and helps reduce uneven global development

Payments for imports e.g. machinery and oil, support for accumulation of enough capital to invest in industry and infrastructure, address a shortage of skills needed for development

from one country to another

from international organisations which receive money from several countries e.g. United Nations, the World Bank

food or medical help to give short term relief. Needed after a disaster

when one country donates money or resources to another (bilateral aid) but with conditions attached

funded by donations from the public through organisations such as OXFAM.

Charities e.g. OXFAM