Alex Blake Geo Phyical - Coatsal Landscapes

1.) soft rock is easily eroded by the sea

2.) cliffs will be less rugged and less steep than hard rock coasts

3.) soft rock landscapes include bays

Sediment being carried by waves drops the sediment once it loses the energy needed to carry it

Joints are smaller than cracks and faults are larger. Both make a rock more prone to erosion.

Downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity

Breaking waves throwing sand, pebbles, and boulders against the coastal wall

Impact of wave on coast wall, particularly during a storm

Rocks and pebbles carried by waves rub together and break into smaller pieces

The chemical attraction of seawater dissolving rocks

Process by which beach sediment can be transported along the coast by waves

Large boulders are rolled along the seabed by waves

Smaller stones are bounced along the seabed

Sand and small particles are carried along in the flow

Certain minerals being dissolved I seawater and carried along in the flow

1.) Hard rock is resistant to all types of erosion

2.) cliffs will be high, steep, and rugged

3.) hard rock landscapes include wave-cut platforms, and headlands where caves, arches, and stacks are formed

The same rock type

Different rock types

Headlands and bays

Waves that deposit material which builds up the coast and has a frequency of 6-8 per min. They have low energy and occur in calm conditions

When the swash is weak and the backwash is strong. Therefore material is dragged into the sea, eroding the coast. They have high energy, occurring in stormy conditions with a frequency of around 10-14 waves per min

Comes from south-west and brings warm, moist air, from the Atlantic and frequent rainfall

Increases erosion power of waves and heavy rainfall contributes to mass movement

Beach sediment can be removed from a section of beach

Damage landforms such as spits

The breaking down and removal of material along the coast

When coastal erosion causes the coastline to move further inland

When coastlines with a mix of hard and soft rock erode at different rates to a cove

When the waves erode a weakness in the rock such as a joint or fault

When two caves erode back from either side of a headland and meet in the middle

When an arch collapses

When a stack weakens and collapses

areas of flat rock at the base of the cliff

When waves cause a notch in the wall and the rock face overhangs. This then causes the rock above the notch to collapse (cliff retreat) leaving the part underwater sticking out

Beaches are accumulations of sand and shingle formed by deposition and shaped by erosion, transportation and deposition

From waves refracting or bending as they enter the bay

Spits are narrow beaches of sand or shingle that are attached to the land at one end

By longshore drift powered by a strong prevailing wind, usually where the coastline changes direction

Coastal management methods that tend to be more expensive, short term options. They may also have a high impact on the landscape or environment and be unsustainable.

Soft engineering options are often less expensive than hard engineering options. They are usually more long-term and sustainable, with less impact on the environment.

👍🏻Good protection of cliffs and buildings

👎🏻Expensive

👎🏻Ugly to look at

👍🏻Prevents sea removing sand

👍🏻 good for tourism

👍🏻Cheaper

👎🏻Expensive in long term because you have to replace it constantly

👎🏻exposes other areas

👎🏻destroyed easily

👍🏻rocks absorb energy well

👍🏻cheaper than most

👎🏻difficult for areas that may not have large impermeable rocks near by

👍🏻sand reduces wave energy

👍🏻maintain tourism

👍🏻cheaper

👎🏻needs constant replenishment as it isn’t effective in long term

👍🏻 waves break on reef and lose energy

👍🏻maintains tourism as it doesn’t look ugly

👎🏻may interfere with fishing

👎🏻more expensive