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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biomolecule
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a general term referring to organic compounds essential to life
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biochemistry
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a study of the compounds and processes associated with living organisms
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carbohydrates
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polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or substances that yield such compounds upon hydrolysis
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monosaccharide
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a single polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone unit
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disaccharide
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composed of two monosaccharide units
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polysaccharide
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very long chains of linked monosaccharide units
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"saccharides"
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refers to "sugars"
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oligo
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=several
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polysaccharide
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=many sugar chain
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enantiomers
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stereoisomers that are mirror images
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chiral
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an object that can be superimposed on its mirror image
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chiral carbon
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a carbon that has four different groups attached to it
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Fischer projection
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depict 3-dimensional shapes for chiral molecules, with the chiral carbon represented by the intersection of two lines
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levorotatory or (-) enantiomer
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the enantiomer that rotates polarized light to the left
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dextrorotatory or (+) enantiomer
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the enantiomer that rotates polarized light to the right
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optically active
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the property of rotating the plane of polarized light is called optical activity, and the molecules with this property are said to be _______
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3
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number of carbon atoms in Triose
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4
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number of carbon atoms in tetrose
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5
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number of carbon atoms in pentose
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6
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number of carbon atoms in hexose
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Haworth Structure
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this can be used to depict the three dimensional cyclic carbohydrate structures
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alpha
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can we ingest the alpha or beta version?
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pyranose
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six-membered ring containing an oxygen atom
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furanose
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five-membered ring containing an oxygen atom
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anomeric carbon atom
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the former carbonyl carbon atom is now chiral and called the
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anomers
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stereoisomers that differ in the 3-D arrangement of groups at the anomeric carbon of an acetal, ketal, hemiacetal, or hemiketal group
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oxidized
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a reducing sugar can be easily ______
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monosaccharides
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_______ are reducing sugars. (Benedict's reagent tests for reducing sugars)
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ester
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forms of a sugar with a phosphate group
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glucose
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the most nutritionally important monosaccharide
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fructose
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the sweetest monosaccharide
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polysaccharides
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condensation polymers containing thousands of units
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cellulose
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the most important structural polysaccharide
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