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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the study of spatial variation, of how and why things from place to place on the surface of the earth |
geography
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the study of how obersvable spatial patterns evolved through time |
geography
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a spatial science
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geography
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geography's literal meaning is what?
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description of the earth |
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who was the first to actively explore geography as a science?
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Greeks
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what is geography's greek meaning?
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geo- the earth |
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who devoted much of his work to the study of geography to better understand the Persian war?
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herodotus
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Who devised the grid system that measures parallels and meridians?
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Romans and Greeks
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who added new techniques to mapping?
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Romans
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During the ____ all of the gegraphical work by the greeks and romans were lost, except by the ____.
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middle or dark ages (5th to 14th century);
arabs |
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what are some sciences that have been developed with modern geography?
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botany, geology, zoology, climatology
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by the end of the 19th century we see the emergance of specialized subfields such as what?
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regional, systematic, physical, and human
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type of geography that studies human-environmental relationships and spatial systems with specific and locational settings
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regional geography
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type of geography that is more broad than systematic geography
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regional geography
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type of geography that is conserned with individual physical and cultural elements of the earth
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systematic geography
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type of geography that directs its attention to the natural environmental side of geography
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physical geography
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type of geography that conserns are with landforms, atmospheric conditions, climatic patterns, soils, vegetation, etc.
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physical geography
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type of geography that emphasis is on people
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human geography
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what are the 6 observational concepts?
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1. places have location, directions, and distances with respect to other places
2. scale 3. physical and cultural attributes of a place 4. attributes of a place are always changing 5.interrelations between places 6. connectivity |
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starting point for all geographical study
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location
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the identification of a place by some precise and accepted system of coordinance
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absolute location
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what is absolute location sometimes called?
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mathimatical location
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the position of a place or thing in relation to that of other places or things
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relative locations
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what is an example of absolute location?
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latitude and longitude
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what is an example of relative locations?
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landmarks
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what is the absolute location concept?
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site
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what is the relative location concept?
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situation
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refers to the physical and cultural characteristics of the place itself, and tells about the internal features of that place
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site
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refers to the external locations, relative because if refers to items of signifcance to the place in question
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situation
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based on the cardinal points on N, S, E, W
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absolute direction
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directional references that are culturally based and locationally variable (ex. Middle East)
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relative direction
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refers to the spatial separation between two points on the eaths surface measured by some accepted standare of unit such as km, mi, ft, m
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absolute distance
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transforms those linear measurements into othet units; more meaniful for the space relationship at question (ex. time)
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relative distance
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the size of the unit study
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scale
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natural landscape
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physical attributes
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the visible imprint of human activity
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cultural attributes
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a basic law of geography in a spatial sence, everything is related to everything else, but that relationships are stronger when things are near one another
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spatial interation (interrelations between places)
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implies all the tangable and intangable in which places are connective
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connectivity
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what are some examples of connectivity?
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telephone lines, internet, roads
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a number of imaginary lines that are drawen around the globe parallel to the equator
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parallels of latitude
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imaginary lines that are drawen from pole to pole
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meridians of longitude
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together the lines of latitude and longitude that allows us to fine and name any point on the globe
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geographic grids
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the equator has a degree of what?
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0*
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in the latitude lines, other than the equator, the lines are from
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1*N - 90*N and 1*S - 90*S
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the international dateline is at a degree of what?
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180*
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the prime meridian is at a degree of what?1*
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0*
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in the longitude lines, other than the international dateline and the prime meridian, the lines are from
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1*W - 180*W and 1*E - 180*E
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what is the starting point for longitude measurement?
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prime meridian
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an imaginary line passing through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England
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prime meridian
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what is the center of the time zone system?
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prime meridian
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time is based on ____.
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longitude
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the earth is divided into ___ time zones centered on meridians at ___ * intervals
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24 zones; 15* intervals
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each 15* interval between meridians is equal to __ hours
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1 hour
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the date in determined by ____.
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international dateline
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an imaginary line that is internationally agreed on the generally fllows the 180* meridian
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international dateline
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____ is where the day begins.
go west you ___ a day go east you ___ a day |
international dateline;
W- advance a day E- lose a day |
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what the shape of the international dateline?
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its crooked
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what is aerial photography used for? (6)
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1. forestry
2. agriculture and landuse 3. urban planning 4. flood assessments 5. water resourse management 6. polution ditection |
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what does GIS stand for?
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Geographic information system
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a computer based set of procedures for assembling, storing, manipulation, analyzing and displaying geographically reference information
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GIS
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what are the 4 components of a GIS system?
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1. data input which converts maps and other data into somputer readable form
2. component that allows you to store and retrieve data. 3. compnent that allows you to used information from different sources at the same time 4. data analysis function |
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what does GPS stand for?
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Global Positioning System
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make use of satilites to determine location
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GPS
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GPS was developed by the ____ for ___ purposes.
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Department of Defense; military purposes
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GPS is now used for _____.
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recreational purposes
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