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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what causes the tides
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gravitational attraction of sun and moon
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two massive hills of water that rotate around Earth and cause the tides
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tidal bulges
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what percentage of the size of the lunar bulge is the solar bulge
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46%
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theoretical tide that would exist if there was an ocean of uniform depth, no friction, and no continents
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equilibrium tide
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actual tide that exists in the presence of factors such as ocean depth, continents, and friction
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dynamic tide
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the time that elapses between successive passages of the moon across a certain point on Earth; how long
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lunar month; 29.5 days
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phase when moon is between sun and earth (in conjunction)
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new moon
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phase when moon is behind earth with respect to the sun (in opposition)
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full moon
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phase when moon forms a right angle with the earth and sun
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quarter moon
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point where the moon is closest to earth in its elliptical orbit; farthest point
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perigee; apogee
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point where the sun is closest to earth in its elliptical orbit; farthest point
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perihelion; aphelion
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time for moon to complete one orbit around Earth relative to a fixed point; how long
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anomalistic month; 27.5 days
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point on Earth closest to moon that marks one crest of the lunar bulge
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zenith
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point on Earth farthest from moon that marks one crest of the lunar bulge
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nadir
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the time it takes a point on the Earth to start under the moon, then rotate back into position under it; how long
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lunar day; 24 hrs 50 mins
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sun is over equator and is moving from south to north; when
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vernal equinox; March 21
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sun reaches farthest northern point in sky at tropic of Cancer (23.5°N)
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summer solstice
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sun is over equator and is moving from north to south; when
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autumnal equinox; September 23
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sun reaches farthest southern point in sky above the tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S)
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winter solstice
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analysis that factors real-time data into a mathematical model
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harmonic analysis
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can the tides be predicted purely mathematically right now
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no
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line where the highest high tides have reached
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splash line
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angle between earth’s equatorial plane and the orbital plane of itself another object
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declination
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maximum declination of earth to moon; maximum declination of earth to sun
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28.5 degrees; 23.5 degrees
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the plane of Earth’s orbital motion
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ecliptic
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vertical difference between height of water at high and low tides
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tidal range
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3 celestial bodies are in a row
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syzygy
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the reference point/level of a tide (zero tide can be wherever you put it)
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datum
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tide that occurs when the tidal range is maximized because the solar and lunar bulge constructively interfere
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spring tide
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tide that occurs when the tidal range is minimized because the solar and lunar bulge destructively interfere
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neap tide
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what is the orientation of the earth, sun, and moon during: spring tides; neap tides
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line; right angle
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two high and two low tides each lunar day; tidal period
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semidiurnal tide; 12 hrs 25 mins
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single high and low tide each lunar day; tidal period
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diurnal tide: 24 hrs 50 mins
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where in the US are semidiurnal tides found; where in the US are diurnal tides found
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US Atlantic coast; Gulf of Mexico
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variation in heights of successive diurnal tides
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diurnal inequality
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tide with diurnal inequality and a period of 12 hrs 25 mins
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mixed semidiurnal tide
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where are mixed semidiurnal tides found in the US
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US Pacific coast
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which is the most common type of tide in the world: semidiurnal, diurnal, mixed semidiurnal
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mixed semidiurnal tide
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tide occurring when spring tides coincide with perigee, resulting in high tidal ranges
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proxigean tide
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when was the last absolute maximum tide; when will the next occur
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1700; 3300
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the periodic rise and fall of the local sea level due to the gravitational pull of the sun and moon
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tides
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tide in the open ocean basin that travels radially around a point once in a tidal period
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rotary current
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point that a rotary current tide travels around
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amphidromic point
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marks the crest of a tidal wave and connects points that have high tide simultaneously
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cotidal line
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line that connects points with equal tidal range and is perpendicular to a cotidal line, so it runs in loops around the amphidromic point
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corange line
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the apparent motion of a tide toward and away from shore
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reversing/alternating current
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receding movement of water that occurs between the transition from high to low tide
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ebb current
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oncoming movement of water that occurs between the transition from low to high tide
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flood current
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period when the water is not moving at high or low tide because it is between an ebb and flood current
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slack water
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rapidly spinning body of water in shallow passages near the coast that occur when a tidal current is deflected by an obstacle
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whirlpool
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the Scandinavian word for a strong whirlpool
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maelstrom
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where are the strongest whirlpools and tidal current in the world found
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Saltstraumen, Norway
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largest whirlpool in North America; where
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Old Sow; north of Maine
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bay that experiences the largest tidal ranges in the world; maximum tidal range
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Bay of Fundy, 17 m
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2 factors that causes unusually large tidal range in the Bay of Fundy
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narrowing of bay, tidal resonance
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a steep wave traveling up a low-lying river as the result of an oncoming high tide
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tidal bore
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the word for a tidal bore in Brazil
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pororocas
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on what river are the highest tidal bores; how high
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Chientang River, China; 8 m
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on what river do tidal bores go farther into the river than anywhere else
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Amazon River, Brazil
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where are the largest tidal bores in the US
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Cook Inlet, Alaska
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